Home›Adversaries›TraditionBrowse ByTraditionThis page groups figures by the wider religious tradition that recognizes them. Wikipedia notes that "within Christianity, veneration is practiced by groups such as the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Oriental Orthodox Churches, all of which have varying types of canonization or glorification processes." Browsing by tradition lets a visitor read every figure from one religious tradition together.FactsLearn MoreTraditionSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsStatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedUsed, but its validity as a comparative category is disputed. Reading Angra Mainyu, Satan, Iblis and Mara as one role flattens genuinely different accounts: in Zoroastrianism the hostile spirit is a counter-principle coeval with the good creator, which is exactly what the adversary of the monotheisms is not. 3OverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedA comparative heading rather than a category any one tradition uses: figures cast as the opponent of a tradition's central figures or of the moral order. 2DirectoryCategoryWell-attestedFigures 1Learn MoreThe adversaries This group gathers adversaries, the figures who oppose the heroes, gods or faithful of a tradition: tempters, enemies and embodiments of resistance to the divine or moral order. The adversary is a recurring role across mythologies. The browser will find the opposing figures the atlas classes here. The entries describe each within their narrative, noting how different traditions frame the source and meaning of opposition to the good.TraditionFilter Results10 entriesAdherents Today MaximumAll121,962 (1)14,800,000 (1)324,000,000 (1)1,200,000,000 (1)2,000,000,000 (1)2,300,000,000 (1)Adherents Today MinimumAll111,691 (1)14,800,000 (1)324,000,000 (1)1,200,000,000 (1)2,000,000,000 (1)2,300,000,000 (1)Basis of the Membership FigureAllIndependent Survey (5)National Census (1)Scholarly or Demographic Estimate (5)Era of Decline End YearAll500 (1)550 (1)700 (1)1200 (1)Era of Decline Start YearAll300 (2)380 (1)651 (1)1000 (1)Establishment StatusAllDeclared Not Established (1)Disestablished (1)Varies by Province (4)How the Expectation Is EnforcedAllCodified Obligation With Consequences (1)Customary Norm (3)Membership Figure As OfAll2004-01-01 (1)2006-01-01 (1)2010-01-01 (4)2011-01-27 (1)2011-12-19 (1)2012-01-01 (1)2012-12-18 (2)2013-01-01 (1)2020-01-01 (5)2025-01-01 (1)Origin Period End YearAll3000 BCE (1)600 BCE (1)500 BCE (1)400 BCE (2)100 BCE (1)50 (1)200 (1)632 (1)800 (1)Origin Period Start YearAll3300 BCE (1)1500 BCE (2)586 BCE (1)500 BCE (3)30 (1)100 (1)610 (1)Position on MarriageAllMarriage may licitly be polygynous (1)Position on SexualityAllSame-sex orientation or practice is held to bar full membership or participation (1)The body holds no single settled position; the question is actively and openly contested within it (2)Position on UsuryAllInterest is permitted but bound by ethical constraints against exploiting the poor (1)Interest of any kind on a loan is forbidden (1)Practice StatusAllDiscontinued as a state religion (3)Living, and practised in varied local forms (2)Partly restricted: some elements are closed to outsiders (4)Standard Rate ExpectedAllTen percent. (1)Two and a half percent. (1)Status TodayAllHistorical; not practised continuously (4)Living tradition, practised today (6)TheologyAllDualist: two opposed cosmic principles (2)Emanationist: reality proceeds from an ineffable One (1)Monistic: one ultimate reality behind all appearance (1)Monotheistic: one God (4)Non-theistic: no creator god is central (1)Panentheistic: the divine both within the world and beyond it (1)Polytheistic: many gods (4)Show ResultsBrowseCompareAncient Egyptian ReligionTradition1 entryBuddhismTradition1 entryCeltic PaganismTradition1 entryChristianityTradition4 entriesGnosticismTradition1 entryHinduismTradition3 entriesIslamTradition2 entriesJudaismTradition6 entriesNorse PaganismTradition1 entryZoroastrianismTradition2 entriesSources1. Divinity Atlas Directory Taxonomy, First Edition Category Treetier 12. Encyclopedia of Religiontier 1Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005The classification of religious figuresView the Source3. A History of Zoroastrianismtier 1Mary Boyce, Brill, 1989on Angra Mainyu and the two primal spiritsView the SourceDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.