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Animals & Totems

The Toad

Amphibians

The toad carries independent religious symbolism distinct from the frog across several traditions. Chinese folk religion holds the three-legged moon toad, Chan Chu, to live on the moon and to be a bringer of wealth in its later, more benevolent form as the "money toad" of folk practice, while older tradition associates a toad with the moon itself, paired with the moon-dwelling hare. Mesoamerican traditions independently associate toads with the earth and with rain and fertility, giving the toad a religious weight across unrelated cultures that the closely related frog does not carry in quite the same way.

Facts
Origins
Origin of the Name
The name chan chu literally means coin toad, a folk etymology that ties the amphibian directly to the wealth it is said to attract. 1
Contested Use
Contested or Appropriated Modern Use
The words spirit animal and totem are used in popular Western practice for a personal animal ally. Native scholars and communities object to both usages, on the ground that they take the vocabulary and the authority of particular Indigenous traditions and apply them to a generic and commercial practice. 2
Identity
Creature Type
Amphibians (true toads) 1
Attributions
Mythic Association
The toad's link to lunar imagery in East Asian myth parallels the moon rabbit motif, both figures said to dwell in the moon in different tellings of the same lunar mythology. 1
Attestation
Meaning in the Attesting Source
Chinese folk tradition pairs the three legged toad Chan Chu with the immortal Liu Hai, who lures it with a string of coins, and the toad became an emblem of wealth carried into later folk practice. 1
Correspondences
Element Correspondence
As a creature of damp, hidden places the toad is associated in Chinese symbolism with yin, the receptive and nocturnal principle balanced against yang. 1
Meaning
Symbolic Meaning
In Chinese folk tradition the three legged toad, chan chu, is associated with the moon and with wealth, tied to the legend of Chang'e's companion Liu Hai and his money attracting toad. 1
Connections

Attested in Region

China, Regions

Chinese folk religion holds the three-legged moon toad, Chan Chu, later the benevolent "money toad" of folk practice.

Source A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and ThoughtWolfram Eberhard
Mesoamerica, Regions

Mesoamerican traditions independently associate the toad with the earth and with rain and fertility.

Source A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and ThoughtWolfram Eberhard

Belongs to Tradition

The moon-toad (Chan Chu) figure specifically; a separate, unnamed Mesoamerican strand in the same description is not linked here.

Related To

Sources
1. A Dictionary of Chinese Symbols: Hidden Symbols in Chinese Life and Thought
Wolfram Eberhard, Routledge, 1986
  • s.v. toad; Chan Chu, the moon toad
  • Attested in Region: China
  • Attested in Region: Mesoamerica
View the Source
2. The Appropriation of Native American Spirituality
Suzanne Owen, Continuum, 2008

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