Home›Beliefs & Restrictions›TraditionBrowse ByTraditionThis page groups beliefs by the school of thought that holds them. Wikipedia notes that "eliminativists about belief ... argue that there is no phenomenon in the natural world which corresponds to our folk psychological concept of belief," one named position among several. Browsing by tradition lets a visitor read every belief from one named school together.FactsLearn MoreTraditionSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsOverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedSingle tenets, rules and prohibitions isolated from the traditions that hold them and stated in that tradition's own terms with the reason it offers. Organising religion around propositional belief is itself a Western and largely post-Reformation habit: several traditions treat practice, lineage or law as primary and have no close equivalent of the noun. 1StatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedUsed, but its validity as a comparative category is disputed 1Learn MoreWhat a Tradition Holds and Requires This category holds the specific things traditions believe and require: articles of faith, dietary rules, prohibitions, obligations and taboos. Where a religion entry describes a whole tradition, a belief entry isolates a single tenet or rule (the oneness of God, the prohibition of certain foods, an obligation of charity, a taboo on certain acts), and states it plainly. Each entry names the tradition that holds the belief, states it in that tradition's own terms, and gives the reason the tradition itself offers, so that comparable beliefs across traditions can be set side by side.Belief and boundary Beliefs and the rules that follow from them often mark the boundary of a community, what its members affirm and how they must live, and small differences in them can distinguish one tradition or denomination from another. The atlas treats each as the tradition presents it, without ranking or refuting. The beliefs group by kind (core tenets, cosmological beliefs, moral precepts, dietary restrictions, prohibitions and taboos), so a browser can compare, for instance, the dietary rules of several traditions together. The enacted side of religious life, rites, practices and festivals, is treated under its own categories.TraditionFilter Results160 entriesAdherents Today MaximumAll278,000 (1)400,910 (1)887,000 (1)1,500,000 (2)2,000,000 (1)3,500,000 (1)100,000,000 (1)110,000,000 (1)260,000,000 (1)Adherents Today MinimumAll278,000 (1)400,910 (1)887,000 (1)1,200,000 (1)1,500,000 (2)1,700,000 (1)2,500,000 (1)53,871,526 (1)80,000,000 (1)220,000,000 (1)Basis of the Education Facility CountAllThe Body's Own Published Statistics (1)Basis of the Humanitarian Aid FigureAllThe Body's Own Published Statistics (2)Basis of the Membership FigureAllChurch-Reported Rolls (25)Independent Survey (12)National Census (11)Scholarly or Demographic Estimate (18)Basis of the Wealth FigureAllAudited Annual Report (4)Court-Documented Inventory (1)Journalistic or Scholarly Estimate (3)Regulator Filing (2)The Body's Own Published Statistics (4)Calendar SystemAllJulian (Old Calendar) (1)Church FamilyAllAnabaptist (2)Anglican (5)Baptist (1)Church of the East (1)Eastern Orthodox (6)Evangelical (2)Latter Day Saint (1)Lutheran (2)Methodist (5)New Thought (1)Oriental Orthodox (4)Pentecostal (1)Reformed (3)Restorationist (2)Date of SeparationAll2022 (1)Date of Separation End YearAll200 (1)451 (1)1204 (1)1527 (1)1566 (1)1571 (1)1600 (1)1612 (1)1712 (1)1815 (1)1850 (1)1876 (1)1908 (1)1913 (1)1967 (1)1971 (1)1974 (1)1995 (1)Date of Separation Start YearAll100 (1)451 (3)1054 (2)1500 (1)1525 (1)1534 (2)1536 (1)1609 (1)1693 (1)1772 (1)1787 (1)1796 (1)1804 (1)1811 (1)1833 (1)1844 (1)1858 (1)1870 (1)1873 (1)1881 (1)1883 (1)1889 (1)1895 (1)1906 (1)1962 (1)1971 (1)1985 (1)1993 (1)Defining Doctrinal PositionAllA Goddess and a God as a divine pair (2)A staged curriculum from the first motivation to buddhahood (1)Achintya bhedabheda: inconceivable oneness and difference (1)An impersonal universal Mind or Principle reached through directed thought, not petition (1)An inner (batin) meaning of scripture and law alongside the outward (1)Awakening through graded cultivation (1)Belief may be concealed where disclosure would bring harm (taqiyya) (2)Chalcedonian: two natures in the one person of Christ (Chalcedon, 451) (3)Chalcedonian: two natures in the one person of Christ (Chalcedon, 451) (13)Ethical practice held prior to and independent of theological agreement (1)Ethics grounded in reason and human experience, without the supernatural (2)Full mendicancy requires the abandonment of clothing (1)Halakha binding and not subject to historical revision (1)Halakha binding, but developing through scholarship (1)Liberation is attained only from a man's birth (1)Miaphysite: one incarnate nature of the Word, divine and human united (1)Miaphysite: one incarnate nature of the Word, divine and human united (3)Neidan: the refinement of body and spirit as the path (1)No fixed pantheon or liturgy; each practitioner composes their own (2)Rangtong: emptiness of self-nature (1)Recognises a post-prophetic messianic figure (1)Rejects the Filioque: the Spirit proceeds from the Father (1)Rejects the Filioque: the Spirit proceeds from the Father (6)Restorationist: holds the apostolic church to have been lost and restored (2)Satan as a symbol, not a being (1)Strict dyophysite: two distinct natures held in two qnome (concrete hypostases), not Chalcedon's two natures in one hypostasis (1)Succession by divine designation in the Prophet's family (1)The Goddess alone (1)The Imams are protected from sin and from error (ismah) (1)The original canon held to have been lost (1)The tzaddik or rebbe as spiritual intermediary and head of the community (1)The tzaddik or rebbe as spiritual intermediary and head of the community (2)The written Torah alone; the rabbinic Oral Torah not accepted (1)Trinitarian: one God in three persons (14)Trinitarian: one God in three persons (12)Documented Accused CountAll5 (1)6 (1)390 (1)Education Facility Count As OfAll1878-12-31 (1)GovernanceAllA federation of autonomous member organisations (6)A single central governing body over the whole movement (3)An imam or caliph elected by the community or its electors (1)Authority in a living teacher and their succession (1)Authority in recognised reincarnate lineages (1)Authority in trained scholars, with no central office (1)Authority through a shaykh and an initiatic chain (1)Authority through monastic ordination lineage and its seats (3)Autonomous covens, authority conferred by initiation (4)Autonomous local bodies under a national umbrella association (1)Congregational: each congregation self-governing (6)Connexional: congregations bound in a conference with itinerant ministry (5)Delegated representation from congregations up to a general conference (2)Episcopal: governed by bishops (7)Lay boards or trusts govern, alongside the priesthood (1)No central authority (7)Presbyterian: governed by elders in graded courts (3)Priestly office passing by descent (2)Self-governing churches under patriarchs, deciding in synod (10)Synodal: governed by synods of clergy and lay delegates (2)How the Expectation Is EnforcedAllCodified Obligation With Consequences (3)Codified Obligation, Ruled Unenforceable (1)Customary Norm (9)Obligation to Support, No Set Rate (3)Preached Expectation, Not Enforced (9)Humanitarian Aid Figure As OfAll1877-12-31 (1)Liturgical LanguageAllAramaic (1)Church Slavonic (1)Classical Arabic (3)Classical Armenian (Grabar) (1)Classical Chinese (read in Sino-Japanese where used in Japan) (1)Classical Syriac (1)Classical Tibetan (1)Coptic (1)Early Modern German (the Luther Bible) (1)Geez (3)Georgian (1)Greek (liturgical) (5)Hebrew (4)Jain Shauraseni Prakrit (1)Sanskrit (2)The vernacular (36)Membership Figure As OfAll1868-01-01 (1)1876-01-01 (1)1910-01-01 (1)1912-01-01 (1)1914-01-01 (1)1922-01-01 (1)1923-01-01 (2)1924-01-01 (1)1930-01-01 (1)1935-01-01 (1)1953-01-01 (1)1958-01-01 (1)1970-01-01 (2)1972-01-01 (1)1985-01-01 (1)1988-12-31 (1)1990-01-01 (1)1991-05-25 (1)1992-01-01 (1)1996-01-01 (1)1998-01-01 (1)1999-01-01 (1)2004-01-01 (1)2005-01-01 (1)2006-01-01 (2)2007-01-01 (2)2008-01-01 (2)2010-01-01 (5)2011-01-01 (5)2013-01-01 (3)2014-01-01 (3)2015-01-01 (3)2016-01-01 (3)2016-12-31 (1)2017-01-01 (1)2018-01-01 (2)2019-01-01 (2)2020-01-01 (5)2021-01-01 (2)2021-03-21 (1)2022-01-01 (9)2022-05-03 (1)2023-01-01 (2)2023-04-29 (1)2023-07-01 (1)2023-08-08 (1)2023-12-31 (1)2024-01-01 (5)2024-03-01 (1)2024-12-31 (2)2025-01-01 (5)2025-08-04 (1)2026-02-01 (1)2026-08-14 (1)2026-08-16 (2)OrdinationAllAn unpaid lay ministry rather than a professional clergy (1)Authority conferred by initiation rather than by ordination (7)Celibacy required of the ordained (2)Married clergy permitted (11)No ordination; authority rests on learning or on the whole body (2)No successor by deliberate choice (1)Office passes by descent (2)Open to women and men (24)Ordination is into a monastic order, not to a congregation (4)Restricted to men (16)Restricted to women (1)The full female ordination lineage is held lapsed; revival contested (3)Varies between provinces or member bodies (7)Origin Period End YearAll52 (1)200 (1)301 (1)337 (1)340 (2)431 (1)451 (1)1204 (1)1419 (1)1527 (2)1534 (1)1559 (2)1560 (1)1571 (2)1600 (2)1612 (1)1712 (1)1745 (1)1789 (1)1797 (1)1810 (1)1816 (1)1821 (1)1832 (1)1850 (1)1860 (2)1867 (1)1870 (1)1876 (1)1881 (1)1889 (1)1906 (1)1908 (1)1913 (1)1914 (1)1941 (1)1954 (1)1960 (1)1966 (1)1967 (1)1971 (1)1988 (1)1995 (1)2022 (1)Origin Period Start YearAll30 (1)42 (1)49 (1)100 (1)295 (1)320 (2)326 (1)431 (1)800 (1)1200 (2)1300 (1)1409 (1)1486 (1)1525 (1)1527 (1)1534 (3)1536 (1)1560 (1)1571 (1)1609 (1)1693 (1)1734 (1)1775 (1)1787 (1)1789 (1)1796 (1)1800 (1)1801 (2)1802 (1)1845 (1)1850 (1)1860 (2)1870 (1)1876 (1)1880 (1)1881 (1)1889 (1)1895 (1)1914 (1)1940 (1)1941 (1)1946 (1)1962 (1)1966 (1)1971 (1)1985 (1)1988 (1)2022 (1)Position on JustificationAllFaith Alone (3)No Communion Wide Standard (1)Position on MarriageAllMarriage is held to be monogamous, with remarriage after divorce sanctioned under specified conditions (4)Marriage may licitly be polygynous (1)No single uniform teaching on marriage's terms holds across the body (1)Position on PredestinationAllDouble Predestination (1)Election Affirmed Reprobation Unstated (1)Single Predestination (1)Unsettled (1)Position on SexualityAllSame-sex marriage is performed and LGBT clergy are ordained on equal terms with heterosexual clergy (9)Same-sex orientation or practice is held to bar full membership or participation (4)Same-sex sexual relationships are held contrary to teaching; LGBT individuals are welcomed as members but not ordained, and same-sex unions are not blessed (13)Same-sex unions may be blessed, but ordination is not extended to partnered LGBT clergy (1)The body holds no single settled position; the question is actively and openly contested within it (3)Position on the EucharistAllNo Communion Wide Definition (1)Sacramental Union (1)Spiritual Reception by Faith (2)Principle of WorshipAllNormative (3)Regulative (1)Relation to the StateAllDisestablished (5)Established (3)No Establishment (20)Privileged Never Established (6)Varies by Province (6)Rule Established or Last ChangedAll2000-01-01 (1)2019-01-01 (1)Sacraments RecognisedAllTwo (4)Settlement TotalAll500,000 (1)137,300,000 (1)Standing as a Comparative CategoryAllA standard analytic category in the study of religion (1)Standing of Holy OrdersAllHistoric Episcopate (1)Historic Episcopate Locally Adapted (1)Historic Episcopate Received Not Required (1)Ministry by Lawful Call (1)Status TodayAllAccess restricted by its custodians or by law (1)Dissolved; the community wound itself up (1)Living tradition, practised today (56)Wealth Figure As Of YearAll2008 (1)2016 (1)2023 (1)2024 (7)2025 (3)Show ResultsBrowseCompareAfrican Methodist Episcopal ChurchTradition12 entriesAfrican Methodist Episcopal Zion ChurchTradition12 entriesAhmadiyyaTradition9 entriesAlawitesTradition9 entriesAlevismTradition9 entriesAlexandrian WiccaTradition4 entriesAmerican Humanist AssociationTradition8 entriesAmishTradition8 entriesAnabaptismTradition11 entriesAnglican CommunionTradition12 entriesAnglicanismTradition11 entriesArmenian Apostolic ChurchTradition15 entriesAssemblies of GodTradition1 entryAssyrian Church of the EastTradition16 entriesBaptistTradition11 entriesBeta IsraelTradition5 entriesBreslov HasidismTradition7 entriesCalvinism (Reformed)Tradition12 entriesChabad-LubavitchTradition7 entriesChristian Methodist Episcopal ChurchTradition12 entriesChurch of CyprusTradition15 entriesChurch of EnglandTradition13 entriesChurch of God (Anderson, Indiana)Tradition9 entriesChurch of GreeceTradition15 entriesChurch of IrelandTradition12 entriesChurch of SatanTradition2 entriesChurch of ScotlandTradition12 entriesChurch of SwedenTradition12 entriesChurch of the NazareneTradition10 entriesChurches of ChristTradition8 entriesCommunity of ChristTradition8 entriesConservative JudaismTradition3 entriesCoptic OrthodoxyTradition14 entriesDianic WiccaTradition4 entriesDigambaraTradition6 entriesDisciples of ChristTradition9 entriesDivine ScienceTradition5 entriesDragon GateTradition5 entriesDutch Reformed ChurchTradition11 entriesEastern OrthodoxyTradition14 entriesEclectic Solitary WiccaTradition5 entriesEcumenical Patriarchate of ConstantinopleTradition15 entriesThe Episcopal ChurchTradition14 entriesEritrean Orthodox Tewahedo ChurchTradition16 entriesEthical CultureTradition5 entriesEthiopian Orthodox Tewahedo ChurchTradition16 entriesEvangelical Lutheran Church in AmericaTradition13 entriesEvangelicalismTradition6 entriesFeri TraditionTradition4 entriesFree Methodist ChurchTradition11 entriesGardnerian WiccaTradition4 entriesGaudiya VaishnavismTradition7 entriesGelugTradition19 entriesGeorgian Orthodox ChurchTradition15 entriesGlobal Methodist ChurchTradition13 entriesGreek Orthodox ChurchTradition15 entriesHaredi JudaismTradition4 entriesHasidic JudaismTradition1 entryHumanistic JudaismTradition4 entriesHumanists InternationalTradition8 entriesIbadismTradition10 entriesIrani ZoroastrianismTradition5 entriesISKCON (Hare Krishna)Tradition8 entriesIsmailismTradition13 entriesJehovah's WitnessesTradition3 entriesJodo ShinshuTradition13 entriesJonangTradition16 entriesKagyuTradition16 entriesKaraite JudaismTradition3 entriesKarma KagyuTradition17 entriesKashmir ShaivismTradition7 entriesKhalsaTradition6 entriesKharijitesTradition8 entriesLatter-day Saints (Mormonism)Tradition7 entriesLingayatismTradition8 entriesLutheranismTradition10 entriesMadhyamakaTradition10 entriesMahayanaTradition11 entriesMaronite ChurchTradition13 entriesMennonitesTradition9 entriesMethodismTradition11 entriesModern Orthodox JudaismTradition5 entriesMoravian ChurchTradition9 entriesNath SampradayaTradition6 entriesNation of IslamTradition3 entriesNational Baptist Convention of AmericaTradition11 entriesNew AtheismTradition5 entriesNichirenTradition13 entriesNichiren ShoshuTradition13 entriesNirmalaTradition4 entriesNyingmaTradition17 entriesOld BelieversTradition15 entriesOneida CommunityTradition4 entriesOneness PentecostalismTradition2 entriesOrder of Nine AnglesTradition3 entriesOriental OrthodoxyTradition14 entriesOrthodox JudaismTradition4 entriesPalo MayombeTradition2 entriesParsi ZoroastrianismTradition5 entriesPentecostalismTradition11 entriesPresbyterian Church (U.S.A.)Tradition1 entryPresbyterianismTradition12 entriesProgressive National Baptist ConventionTradition12 entriesProtestantismTradition5 entriesPure LandTradition10 entriesQuakerism (Religious Society of Friends)Tradition6 entriesQuanzhen (Complete Reality)Tradition4 entriesQuranismTradition9 entriesReclaimingTradition3 entriesReconstructionist JudaismTradition3 entriesReform JudaismTradition2 entriesReligious Science (Centers for Spiritual Living)Tradition5 entriesRinzaiTradition13 entriesRoman CatholicismTradition16 entriesRomanian Orthodox ChurchTradition15 entriesRussian Orthodox ChurchTradition15 entriesSakyaTradition15 entriesSalafismTradition13 entriesSamkhyaTradition6 entriesThe Satanic TempleTradition3 entriesSeax-WicaTradition5 entriesSect ShintoTradition3 entriesSeicho-no-IeTradition3 entriesSerbian Orthodox ChurchTradition15 entriesSethianismTradition3 entriesSeventh-day AdventismTradition12 entriesShaivismTradition5 entriesShakersTradition5 entriesShaktismTradition5 entriesShangqing (Highest Clarity)Tradition4 entriesShia (Twelver)Tradition14 entriesShingonTradition14 entriesShri VidyaTradition6 entriesShrine ShintoTradition3 entriesSmartismTradition6 entriesSoka GakkaiTradition15 entriesSotoTradition12 entriesSouthern Baptist ConventionTradition1 entrySri VaishnavismTradition9 entriesSufismTradition13 entriesSunniTradition14 entriesSvetambaraTradition6 entriesTemple of SetTradition2 entriesTendaiTradition17 entriesTheravadaTradition11 entriesTiantaiTradition14 entriesTibetan BuddhismTradition13 entriesUdasiTradition4 entriesUkrainian Greek Catholic ChurchTradition13 entriesUkrainian Orthodox ChurchTradition14 entriesUnited Church of ChristTradition1 entryThe United Methodist ChurchTradition13 entriesUnity (Unity School of Christianity)Tradition5 entriesVaishnavismTradition6 entriesVajrayanaTradition12 entriesWahhabismTradition13 entriesWesleyan ChurchTradition10 entriesZaidiyyahTradition13 entriesZenTradition11 entriesZhengyi (Orthodox Unity)Tradition5 entriesSources1. Belief, Language, and Experiencetier 1Rodney Needham, Basil Blackwell, 1972Divinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.