All Crusade

This group holds the events classified as crusades: the First Crusade of 1096 to 1099, the Fourth Crusade of 1202 to 1204, which was diverted into the sack of Constantinople rather than reaching the Holy Land, and the Albigensian Crusade of 1209 to 1229, waged against the Cathars of southern France rather than against a foreign power. The label covers papally sanctioned military campaigns fought under a defined religious mandate, and it excludes the broader medieval warfare that surrounded them but was not itself proclaimed as a crusade.