Makemake Bird-Headed Face Makemake is the creator deity of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) tradition, associated with the sea, migratory birds and human fertility. He is the most frequently carved figure in Rapa Nui rock art, shown as a bird-headed anthropomorphic face, and was the focus of the tangata manu (birdman) competition held annually at the ceremonial village of Orongo on the island's southwestern cliffs. Representatives of competing clans, or their appointed athletes, climbed down the cliff and swam to the offshore islet of Motu Nui to retrieve the season's first sooty tern egg; the sponsoring chief of the winning athlete was proclaimed tangata manu, gaining ritual authority and privileges for the following year. Documented as practiced into the 1860s before Christian missionary influence brought it to an end, the competition and Makemake's central place in it are attested through rock art, oral tradition and the eyewitness accounts European visitors recorded in the nineteenth century.
Facts
Function
Domain / Function Origins
Place of OriginRapa Nui (Easter Island) 1 Attestation
Veneration TodayVenerated in a modern revival tradition 2 HistoricityAttested through extensive surviving rock art at Orongo, consistent oral tradition and nineteenth century eyewitness accounts of the still-active tangata manu competition, rather than through a written scripture. Attributions
Mythic AssociationThe tangata manu birdman competition held at Orongo each year honored Makemake: competing clans' athletes swam to the islet of Motu Nui to retrieve the season's first sooty tern egg, and the sponsoring chief of the winning athlete was proclaimed tangata manu for the following year. 1 Iconography
SymbolMakemake is the most frequently carved figure in Rapa Nui rock art, shown as a bird-headed anthropomorphic face. 1 Belief
TheologyPolytheistic: many gods 1 The creator deity of Rapa Nui tradition, matching the reading already carried by Tangaroa, Tane, Rongo and Tu for the wider Polynesian pantheon. Cult
Attributes and IconographyMakemake is shown in Rapa Nui rock art as a bird headed anthropomorphic face, and is the most frequently carved figure in that rock art. 1 Correspondences & Relations
Connections
Associated With
Source Ethnology of Easter Island (Metraux)Alfred Metraux
Source Ethnology of Easter Island (Metraux)Alfred Metraux
Sources
1. Ethnology of Easter Island (Metraux)
Alfred Metraux, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 1940
2. The Facts on File Encyclopedia of World Mythology and Legend
Anthony S. Mercatante, revised and expanded by James R. Dow, Facts on File
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