Home›Denominations›Liturgical Language›The vernacularBrowse ByThe vernacularThis page groups denominations by the language their services are conducted in. Wikipedia notes that in the Eastern Orthodox Church, its Rite of Tonsure "is printed in the Euchologion (Church Slavonic: Trebnik), the same book as the other Sacred Mysteries and services." Browsing by liturgical language lets a visitor find every denomination that worships in the same tongue.FactsLearn MoreThe vernacularSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsOverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedBranches, schools and movements within a parent tradition and grouped under it: churches and confessions, schools of law and of philosophy, ordination lineages and reform movements. What counts as a branch is a distinction the parent tradition makes, not one cross-religious rule. 1StatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedContested: denomination is a term of art from English-speaking Protestantism. It maps poorly onto a Hindu sampradaya, an Islamic madhhab, a Buddhist vehicle or a Taoist ordination lineage, none of which is a separate church. 2OriginsOrigin of the NameWell-attestedFrom Latin denominatio, a naming. The word entered religious use among English-speaking Protestants for bodies that recognise one another as legitimately named parts of one church; its export to other religions is an analogy. 2Learn MoreBranches within a tradition A denomination is a distinct branch, school or movement within a larger religious tradition: the churches and confessions of Christianity, the schools of Buddhism, the schools of law and theology in Islam, the movements of Judaism, and the sampradayas and movements of Hinduism. The category also holds the divisions of smaller and newer traditions. Each entry records the parent tradition, what distinguishes the branch in belief, practice or authority, and, where known, when and how it emerged: often through reform, schism, revival or the following of a particular teacher.Reading the Divisions Divisions within a religion arise for many reasons (disputes over doctrine, authority, ritual, or the interpretation of scripture, and sometimes ethnic, political or regional difference as much as theology), and the entries describe the grounds of each without taking a side in it. What one tradition calls a school, another calls a sect or a movement, and the terminology itself can carry judgement; the atlas uses neutral description. The denominations group under their parent religion, so a browser can move from a tradition to its internal branches (the denominations of Christianity, of Buddhism, of Islam), in a single step.The vernacularFilter Results117 entriesFounded ByAllAlex Sanders (1)Ann Lee (1)Anton LaVey (1)Basava (1)Charles Fillmore (1)Charles Harrison Mason (1)Elijah Muhammad (1)Ellen G. White (1)Engenas Lekganyane (1)Ernest Holmes (1)George Fox (1)Gerald Gardner (1)Henry VIII (1)James Strang (1)Malinda Cramer (1)Mary Baker Eddy (1)Masaharu Taniguchi (1)Maxine Sanders (1)Michael Aquino (1)Myrtle Fillmore (1)Richard Allen (1)Shastriji Maharaj (1)Simon Kimbangu (1)Starhawk (1)Victor Henry Anderson (1)Wallace Fard Muhammad (1)Zsuzsanna Budapest (1)Church FamilyAllAdventist (3)African Initiated Church (3)Anabaptist (3)Anglican (5)Baptist (6)Congregationalist (2)Eastern Orthodox (3)Evangelical (3)Latter Day Saint (4)Lutheran (7)Methodist (9)Moravian (1)New Thought (3)Pentecostal (7)Quaker (1)Reformed (6)Restorationist (5)Roman Catholic (1)Unitarian Universalist (2)Origin EraAll800 BCE (1)200 BCE (1)30 (2)632 (2)750 (1)864 (1)1000 (1)1100 (1)1200 (1)1224 (1)1457 (1)1486 (1)1517 (2)1525 (1)1527 (1)1534 (3)1536 (2)1560 (2)1571 (1)1609 (1)1620 (1)1647 (1)1693 (1)1734 (1)1738 (1)1747 (1)1770 (1)1787 (2)1789 (1)1793 (1)1796 (1)1801 (2)1809 (1)1810 (1)1820 (1)1825 (1)1844 (2)1845 (2)1847 (1)1848 (1)1857 (1)1860 (3)1863 (1)1865 (1)1866 (1)1870 (2)1872 (1)1876 (1)1880 (2)1881 (1)1887 (1)1889 (1)1890 (1)1895 (2)1897 (1)1901 (1)1907 (2)1908 (1)1913 (1)1914 (2)1920 (1)1921 (1)1922 (1)1924 (1)1925 (1)1926 (2)1930 (2)1934 (1)1940 (1)1945 (1)1946 (1)1947 (1)1957 (1)1961 (1)1962 (1)1963 (1)1964 (1)1965 (1)1966 (1)1968 (2)1971 (2)1973 (1)1974 (1)1975 (1)1979 (1)1983 (2)1985 (1)1988 (1)2013 (1)2022 (1)Establishment StatusAllDeclared Not Established (1)Disestablished (4)Established (4)No Establishment (53)Privileged Never Established (5)Varies by Province (11)Adherents BandAllhas no membership by definition (1)no count exists by the organization's own deliberate policy (1)no count isolating this tradition exists (3)no single combined figure exists (1)practitioners are by definition uncounted (1)Parent ReligionAllBuddhism (1)Christianity (67)Hinduism (6)Islam (5)Judaism (4)Latter Day Saint Movement (4)Modern Satanism (4)New Thought (4)Shinto (2)Wicca (7)Originated InAllAnatolia and Asia Minor (1)Arabia (1)Bengal (1)Britain (2)California (6)Congo (1)England (7)Germany (2)Gujarat (1)India (2)Iraq (2)Japan (4)Karnataka (1)Korea (1)Mexico (1)New York (6)North America (1)Rome (1)Scotland (2)Southern Africa (1)United States (28)Yorubaland (1)Marriage PositionAllMarriage is held to be a lifelong, monogamous, indissoluble union; remarriage after divorce is not sanctioned while a spouse lives (2)Marriage is held to be monogamous, with remarriage after divorce sanctioned under specified conditions (11)Marriage may licitly be polygynous (2)No single uniform teaching on marriage's terms holds across the body (4)Sexuality PositionAllSame-sex marriage is performed and LGBT clergy are ordained on equal terms with heterosexual clergy (17)Same-sex orientation or practice is held to bar full membership or participation (13)Same-sex sexual relationships are held contrary to teaching; LGBT individuals are welcomed as members but not ordained, and same-sex unions are not blessed (19)Same-sex unions may be blessed, but ordination is not extended to partnered LGBT clergy (1)The body holds no single settled position; the question is actively and openly contested within it (12)PolityAllA federation of autonomous member organisations (9)A head temple over affiliated branch temples (2)A single central governing body over the whole movement (18)Authority in a living teacher and their succession (5)Authority in living jurists whom the laity choose to emulate (1)Authority in monastic seats (mathas) and their heads (2)Authority in trained scholars, with no central office (1)Authority through a shaykh and an initiatic chain (1)Autonomous covens, authority conferred by initiation (4)Autonomous local bodies under a national umbrella association (7)Business decided by the gathered meeting seeking unity, without clergy (3)Congregational: each congregation self-governing (16)Connexional: congregations bound in a conference with itinerant ministry (8)Delegated representation from congregations up to a general conference (9)Episcopal: governed by bishops (12)No central authority (20)Presbyterian: governed by elders in graded courts (7)Priestly office passing by descent (2)Self-governing churches under patriarchs, deciding in synod (3)Synodal: governed by synods of clergy and lay delegates (6)Universal primacy of a single bishop (1)Practice StatusAllDissolved; the community wound itself up (5)Historical; not practised continuously (2)In active religious use (8)Living tradition, practised today (101)Ordination PracticeAllAn unpaid lay ministry rather than a professional clergy (5)Authority conferred by initiation rather than by ordination (12)Celibacy required of the ordained (2)Conferred by a teacher's certification of learning (2)Conferred by appointment from a higher authority (3)Conferred by election (1)Married clergy permitted (5)No ordination; authority rests on learning or on the whole body (8)Office passes by descent (7)Open to women and men (53)Ordination is into a monastic order, not to a congregation (1)Restricted to men (27)Restricted to women (1)Varies between provinces or member bodies (23)Parent DenominationAllAnabaptism (2)Anglican Communion (2)Baptist (5)Congregationalists (1)Evangelicalism (1)Gaudiya Vaishnavism (1)Historically Black Protestant Tradition (7)Mainline Protestantism (7)Pentecostalism (2)Presbyterianism (1)Protestantism (17)Shaivism (1)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 117Advent Christian ChurchThe vernacularAfrican Methodist Episcopal ChurchThe vernacularAfrican Methodist Episcopal Zion ChurchThe vernacularAladuraThe vernacularAlevismThe vernacularAlexandrian WiccaThe vernacularAmerican Baptist Churches USAThe vernacularAmerican Unitarian AssociationThe vernacularAmishThe vernacularAnabaptismThe vernacularAnglican CommunionThe vernacularAnglicanismThe vernacularApostolic Lutheran Church of AmericaThe vernacularAssemblies of GodThe vernacularBAPS Swaminarayan SansthaThe vernacularBaptistThe vernacularBulgarian Orthodox ChurchThe vernacularCalvinism (Reformed)The vernacularCelestial Church of ChristThe vernacularChristian and Missionary AllianceThe vernacularChristian Methodist Episcopal ChurchThe vernacularChristian Reformed Church in North AmericaThe vernacularChristian ScienceThe vernacularChurch of Christ (Temple Lot)The vernacularChurch of EnglandThe vernacularChurch of God (Anderson, Indiana)The vernacularChurch of God in ChristThe vernacularChurch of IrelandThe vernacularChurch of SatanThe vernacularChurch of ScotlandThe vernacularChurch of SwedenThe vernacularChurch of the NazareneThe vernacularChurches of ChristThe vernacularCommunity of ChristThe vernacularCongregationalistsThe vernacularConservative JudaismThe vernacularDianic WiccaThe vernacularDisciples of ChristThe vernacularDivine ScienceThe vernacularDutch Reformed ChurchThe vernacularEastern OrthodoxyThe vernacularEclectic Solitary WiccaThe vernacularEvangelical Lutheran Church in AmericaThe vernacularEvangelical Lutheran Church of FinlandThe vernacularEvangelicalismThe vernacularFeri TraditionThe vernacularFinnish Evangelical Lutheran Church of AmericaThe vernacularFolk ShintoThe vernacularFree Methodist ChurchThe vernacularGardnerian WiccaThe vernacularGaudiya VaishnavismThe vernacularGlobal Methodist ChurchThe vernacularGrace Communion InternationalThe vernacularHillsong ChurchThe vernacularHistorically Black Protestant TraditionThe vernacularHumanistic JudaismThe vernacularIglesia ni CristoThe vernacularISKCON (Hare Krishna)The vernacularJehovah's WitnessesThe vernacularJodo ShinshuThe vernacularKimbanguist ChurchThe vernacularLa Luz del MundoThe vernacularLatter-day Saints (Mormonism)The vernacularLingayatismThe vernacularLouisiana VoodooThe vernacularLutheran Church, Missouri SynodThe vernacularLutheranismThe vernacularMainline ProtestantismThe vernacularMennonitesThe vernacularMethodismThe vernacularMoravian ChurchThe vernacularNation of IslamThe vernacularNational Baptist Convention of AmericaThe vernacularNational Baptist Convention USA IncorporatedThe vernacularOneida CommunityThe vernacularOneness PentecostalismThe vernacularOrder of Nine AnglesThe vernacularPentecostalismThe vernacularPresbyterian Church (U.S.A.)The vernacularPresbyterianismThe vernacularProgressive National Baptist ConventionThe vernacularProtestantismThe vernacularQuakerism (Religious Society of Friends)The vernacularReclaimingThe vernacularReconstructionist JudaismThe vernacularReform JudaismThe vernacularReligious Science (Centers for Spiritual Living)The vernacularRoman CatholicismThe vernacularRomanian Orthodox ChurchThe vernacularSaint John Coltrane African Orthodox ChurchThe vernacularSeax-WicaThe vernacularSect ShintoThe vernacularSeicho-no-IeThe vernacularSeventh-day AdventismThe vernacularShaivismThe vernacularShakersThe vernacularShia (Twelver)The vernacularSkoptsyThe vernacularSouthern Baptist ConventionThe vernacularSri VaishnavismThe vernacularSufismThe vernacularSunniThe vernacularTemple of SetThe vernacularThe Church of Jesus Christ (Strangite)The vernacularThe Episcopal ChurchThe vernacularThe Salvation ArmyThe vernacularThe Satanic TempleThe vernacularThe United Methodist ChurchThe vernacularUnited Church of CanadaThe vernacularUnited Church of ChristThe vernacularUnited Pentecostal Church InternationalThe vernacularUnity (Unity School of Christianity)The vernacularUniversalist Church of AmericaThe vernacularVaishnavismThe vernacularWesleyan ChurchThe vernacularWorld Mission Society Church of GodThe vernacularZion Christian ChurchThe vernacularSources1. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religionstier 1John Bowker (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1997s.v. denominationView the Source2. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editiontier 1F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2005s.v. DenominationalismView the SourceDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.