Home›Disciplines›Belongs To TraditionBrowse ByBelongs To TraditionThis page groups disciplines by the religion whose beliefs they study from the inside. Wikipedia notes that "theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity and the history behind religion." Browsing by belongs-to-tradition lets a visitor find every discipline built to study the same religion.FactsLearn MoreBelongs To TraditionSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsStatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedContested: what scholarship calls Western esotericism was constituted as a field out of material earlier dismissed as rejected knowledge, and its boundaries were drawn around Europe - so they do not contain the Chinese and Indian systems this category also holds. 2OverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedFields of esoteric and divinatory practice defined by subject matter and method rather than by confession. Astrology, alchemy, divination and the arts of correspondence were pursued in Christian, Jewish, Muslim and pagan settings alike, and belong to no one tradition. 1Learn MoreEsoteric and Divinatory Fields of Practice This category treats the esoteric and divinatory disciplines as fields in their own right: Western and Chinese astrology, the I Ching, numerology, tarot, Kabbalah, alchemy, palmistry and the rest. Unlike a religion, a discipline belongs to no single faith (astrology and alchemy were practised across Christian, Muslim, Jewish and pagan settings alike), and is defined instead by its subject matter and method. Each entry describes what the discipline does, where it comes from, how it developed, and its relation to the neighbouring fields, giving the reader a way into the practice as a whole before meeting its individual terms elsewhere in the atlas.Practice, Not Verdict The atlas describes these disciplines as historical and cultural systems, what practitioners have believed and done, without ruling on whether their claims are true. Astrology, alchemy and divination have long and serious histories, deeply entwined with the development of astronomy, chemistry and philosophy, and are treated with that history in view rather than as mere superstition or as established fact. Because a discipline organises many of the other categories here: astrology gathers the planets, signs and houses, and alchemy the operations and stages. A discipline entry serves as a doorway into a whole cluster of related pages.Belongs To TraditionFilter Results45 entriesAdherents Today MaximumAll4722 (1)13,000 (1)121,962 (1)5,000,000 (2)14,800,000 (1)30,000,000 (1)324,000,000 (1)1,200,000,000 (1)2,000,000,000 (1)2,300,000,000 (1)Adherents Today MinimumAll4722 (1)13,000 (1)111,691 (1)4,000,000 (1)5,000,000 (1)14,800,000 (1)25,000,000 (1)324,000,000 (1)1,200,000,000 (1)2,000,000,000 (1)2,300,000,000 (1)Basis of the Membership FigureAllChurch-Reported Rolls (4)Independent Survey (11)National Census (7)Scholarly or Demographic Estimate (10)Era of Decline End YearAll300 BCE (1)100 (1)400 (2)500 (1)529 (2)550 (1)600 (1)700 (1)1200 (2)1600 (1)1750 (1)1976 (3)Era of Decline Start YearAll450 BCE (1)100 BCE (1)300 (3)350 (1)380 (3)529 (1)651 (1)863 (1)1000 (1)1521 (1)1670 (1)1966 (3)Era of Modern Revival End YearAll1471 (1)1976 (1)1990 (1)2000 (2)Era of Modern Revival Start YearAll1463 (1)1930 (1)1972 (1)1990 (2)Establishment StatusAllDeclared Not Established (1)Disestablished (3)Established (1)No Establishment (1)Varies by Province (4)How the Expectation Is EnforcedAllCodified Obligation With Consequences (2)Customary Norm (8)Obligation to Support, No Set Rate (1)Membership Figure As OfAll1969-12-31 (1)1990-01-01 (1)1993-01-01 (1)2000-01-01 (1)2001-01-01 (2)2001-03-01 (1)2004-01-01 (1)2005-01-01 (1)2006-01-01 (2)2008-01-01 (1)2010-01-01 (7)2011-01-01 (1)2011-01-27 (1)2011-03-01 (1)2011-12-19 (1)2012-01-01 (2)2012-12-18 (2)2013-01-01 (1)2014-01-01 (1)2015-01-01 (2)2016-01-01 (2)2016-12-31 (1)2017-01-01 (1)2018-01-01 (3)2019-01-01 (1)2020-01-01 (5)2021-01-01 (3)2021-05-12 (1)2022-01-01 (2)2023-03-01 (1)2023-08-30 (1)2025-01-01 (2)2026-08-13 (1)2026-08-14 (1)Origin Period End YearAll3000 BCE (2)1046 BCE (1)1000 BCE (1)700 BCE (1)600 BCE (1)500 BCE (2)490 BCE (1)479 BCE (1)400 BCE (3)100 BCE (1)50 (1)120 (1)142 (1)200 (1)270 (1)300 (1)632 (1)712 (1)800 (2)988 (1)1100 (1)1300 (1)1428 (1)1708 (1)1800 (1)1850 (1)1857 (1)1863 (1)1900 (1)1904 (1)1926 (1)1954 (1)1966 (1)1976 (1)1980 (1)Origin Period Start YearAll3500 BCE (1)3300 BCE (1)2000 BCE (1)1600 BCE (1)1500 BCE (2)1400 BCE (1)1000 BCE (1)750 BCE (1)600 BCE (1)586 BCE (1)551 BCE (1)530 BCE (1)500 BCE (3)400 BCE (1)300 BCE (1)1 (1)30 (1)80 (1)100 (1)245 (1)500 (1)610 (1)700 (1)1000 (1)1325 (1)1499 (1)1500 (1)1700 (1)1800 (1)1844 (1)1857 (1)1880 (1)1904 (1)1926 (1)1946 (1)1966 (1)1972 (1)Position on MarriageAllMarriage is held to be monogamous, with remarriage after divorce sanctioned under specified conditions (2)Marriage may licitly be polygynous (1)Position on SexualityAllSame-sex orientation or practice is held to bar full membership or participation (2)Same-sex sexual relationships are held contrary to teaching; LGBT individuals are welcomed as members but not ordained, and same-sex unions are not blessed (1)The body holds no single settled position; the question is actively and openly contested within it (2)Position on UsuryAllInterest is permitted but bound by ethical constraints against exploiting the poor (1)Interest of any kind on a loan is forbidden (1)Practice StatusAllClosed ceremonial knowledge, described but not reproduced (3)Discontinued as a state religion (7)Living, and in active revival (2)Living, and practised in varied local forms (13)Partly restricted: some elements are closed to outsiders (12)Standard Rate ExpectedAllNineteen percent. (1)Ten percent. (2)Two and a half percent. (1)Status TodayAllHistorical; not practised continuously (13)Living tradition, practised today (32)Revived or reconstructed in the modern era (5)TheologyAllAncestor-centred (8)Animist: persons and powers in land, water and living things (7)Atheistic: no god (1)Dualist: two opposed cosmic principles (2)Duotheistic: a divine pair (1)Emanationist: reality proceeds from an ineffable One (3)Henotheistic: a supreme being above served lesser divinities (5)Monistic: one ultimate reality behind all appearance (5)Monotheistic: one God (8)Non-theistic: no creator god is central (3)Panentheistic: the divine both within the world and beyond it (1)Polytheistic: many gods (20)Show ResultsBrowseCompareAncient Egyptian ReligionBelongs To Tradition4 entriesAncient Greek ReligionBelongs To Tradition5 entriesAztec ReligionBelongs To Tradition1 entryBahá’í FaithBelongs To Tradition2 entriesBonBelongs To Tradition1 entryBuddhismBelongs To Tradition8 entriesCandombléBelongs To Tradition2 entriesCao ĐàiBelongs To Tradition1 entryCeltic PaganismBelongs To Tradition3 entriesChinese Folk ReligionBelongs To Tradition7 entriesChristianityBelongs To Tradition9 entriesConfucianismBelongs To Tradition3 entriesGnosticismBelongs To Tradition4 entriesHaitian VodouBelongs To Tradition3 entriesHeathenryBelongs To Tradition1 entryHermeticismBelongs To Tradition6 entriesHinduismBelongs To Tradition9 entriesIslamBelongs To Tradition9 entriesJainismBelongs To Tradition1 entryJudaismBelongs To Tradition10 entriesKorean MuismBelongs To Tradition1 entryLuciferianismBelongs To Tradition2 entriesMaya ReligionBelongs To Tradition1 entryMesopotamian ReligionBelongs To Tradition4 entriesMithraismBelongs To Tradition2 entriesModern SatanismBelongs To Tradition2 entriesNative American ReligionBelongs To Tradition1 entryNeoplatonismBelongs To Tradition3 entriesNorse PaganismBelongs To Tradition4 entriesPolynesian ReligionBelongs To Tradition1 entryPythagoreanismBelongs To Tradition2 entriesRoman ReligionBelongs To Tradition2 entriesSámi ReligionBelongs To Tradition1 entrySantería (Lucumí)Belongs To Tradition3 entriesShintoBelongs To Tradition3 entriesSiberian ShamanismBelongs To Tradition1 entrySikhismBelongs To Tradition1 entrySlavic Native Faith (Rodnovery)Belongs To Tradition1 entrySpiritismBelongs To Tradition1 entryTaoismBelongs To Tradition7 entriesTengrismBelongs To Tradition1 entryThelemaBelongs To Tradition3 entriesWiccaBelongs To Tradition3 entriesYorùbá Religion (Ifá)Belongs To Tradition3 entriesZoroastrianismBelongs To Tradition3 entriesSources1. The Western Esoteric Traditions: A Historical Introductiontier 1Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, Oxford University Press, 2008View the Source2. Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culturetier 1Wouter J. Hanegraaff, Cambridge University Press, 2012Divinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.