Ruhollah Mostafavi Khomeini was an Iranian politician and Shia cleric who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989. He was born on 17 May 1900 in the city of Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province, and died on 3 June 1989. A high-ranking cleric in Twelver Shi'ism, he became an ayatollah, a marja', a mujtahid and a faqih, and he authored more than 40 books. After a state-sponsored expulsion to Bursa in 1964 he moved to Najaf nearly a year later, where speeches outlining his religiopolitical theory of Guardianship of the Jurist were compiled into the book Islamic Government. He led the Iranian Revolution, which overthrew Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, ended the Pahlavi era and transformed the country into an Islamic republic, and the policies he implemented came to be known as Khomeinism.
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Lifespan or Floruit Manner of Death Classification
Veneration StatusOfficially Recognized or Venerated 1 Ruhollah Khomeini
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Source Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Wikipedia)
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Source Ruhollah Khomeini (Wikipedia)
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Source Ruhollah Khomeini (Wikipedia)
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Source Ruhollah Khomeini (Wikipedia)Article textQuote, Article text
Nearly a year later, he moved to Najaf, where speeches he gave outlining his religiopolitical theory of Guardianship of the Jurist were compiled into the book Islamic Government.
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1. Ruhollah Khomeini (Wikipedia)
Lead, first sentence
Ruhollah Mostafavi Khomeini (17 May 1900, 3 June 1989) was an Iranian politician and Shia cleric who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989.
Lead, second paragraph
Born in the city of Khomeyn, in what is now Iran's Markazi province, Khomeini's father was murdered when he was two years old.
Death and funeral section
After spending eleven days in Jamaran hospital, he died on 3 June 1989 after suffering five heart attacks in ten days.
Lead, sentence beginning 'In Iran, he is legally considered'
In Iran, he is legally considered "inviolable", insulting him is punishable with imprisonment; his gold-domed tomb in Tehran's Behesht-e Zahra cemetery has become a shrine for his adherents.
Belongs to Tradition: Islam, Lead, second paragraph [belongs-to-tradition]
Khomeini became a high-ranking cleric in Twelver Shi'ism, an ayatollah, a marja' ("source of emulation"), a mujtahid, a faqīha (expert in fiqh), a hafiz, and authored more than 40 books.
Revered In: Islam, Lead, sentence beginning 'The subject of a pervasive cult'
The subject of a pervasive cult of personality, Khomeini held the title Ayatollah and is officially known as Imam Khomeini inside Iran and by his supporters internationally.
View the SourceGuardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Wikipedia)
Attributed Works: Wilayat al-Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist), LeadQuote, Attributed Works: Wilayat al-Faqih (Guardianship of the Jurist), Lead
In a series of lectures in 1970, Khomeini advanced the idea of guardianship in its "absolute" form as rule of the state and society.
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