Disciplines built on abstract, self-contained formal systems tested by logical proof rather than by observation of the physical or social world, here covering mathematics, logic and the symbolic and numerical systems that esoteric traditions have drawn on, such as numerology and geometric symbolism. Belongs here: any discipline whose claims are established by deduction within a defined system of rules. Does not belong here: disciplines tested against physical evidence, grouped under Natural Science; disciplines studying human society empirically, grouped under Social Science.
All Formal Science
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