Home›Historical Figures›Manner Of Death›ExecutedBrowse ByExecutedThis page groups historical figures by how they died, a fact religious tradition often treats as meaningful in itself, especially for a death suffered for one's faith. Wikipedia defines a martyr as "someone who suffers persecution and death for advocating, renouncing, or refusing to renounce a religious belief or other cause." Browsing this way lets a visitor separate figures who died as martyrs from those who died of natural causes, in battle, or by other means.FactsLearn MoreExecutedConnectionsSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsStructureStructureWell-attestedDocumented individuals whose work bore on the traditions the atlas covers, each given a lifespan, a field and a tradition. Much of the literature ascribed to figures in this field is pseudepigraphic, credited to a prestigious ancient name rather than written by one, so an attributed author here is not always the writer. 1OriginsWhose Classification This IsWell-attestedMost of the figures gathered here are studied under the heading "Western esotericism", which is itself a modern academic construction rather than a description the currents involved used of themselves. 1Learn MoreReal people who shaped the traditions This category holds actual historical persons whose work bore on the traditions in the atlas: philosophers, astrologers, alchemists, mystics, theologians, scholars and occultists. Unlike the gods and legendary characters, these are people who can be dated and, in most cases, documented, and the entries give a lifespan, a field and the tradition each worked in or influenced. The range runs from ancient philosophers and astronomers through medieval alchemists and Kabbalists to the founders of modern occultism, and includes figures central to the esoteric currents the atlas traces even where mainstream history treats them as marginal.Person, Persona and Attribution Two problems recur in this material and the atlas addresses both. First, influential esoteric writing is often pseudonymous or misattributed, credited to a prestigious ancient name; the entries separate the real author, where known, from the legendary one. Second, some figures accreted so much legend that the person is hard to see behind the persona, and the entries distinguish the documented life from the later tradition. Some individuals are dual-modelled (a historical figure here and, in their own tradition, a founder or saint elsewhere in the atlas), and the pages are kept complementary rather than duplicated.ExecutedFilter Results36 entriesGenderAllFemale (5)Male (31)TraditionAllAncient Greek Religion (1)Bahá’í Faith (1)Christianity (12)Confucianism (1)Islam (3)Kongo Religion (1)Shona Traditional Religion (1)Sikhism (3)Tengrism (1)HistoricityAllHistorically attested (29)EraAll-106 to -43 (1)-280 to -233 (1)-470 to -399 (1)-77 to -37 (1)1155 to 1191 (1)1542 to 1587 (1)1548 to 1600 (1)1608 to 1661 (1)1620 to 1647 (1)1620 to 1682 (1)1621 to 1675 (1)1670 to 1716 (1)1684 to 1706 (1)1734 to 1782 (1)1743 to 1794 (1)1756 to 1801 (1)1817 to 1852 (1)1821 to 1846 (1)1824 to 1864 (1)1888 to 1938 (1)1896 to 1898 (1)1920 to 1947 (1)200 to 258 (1)696 to 745 (1)858 to 922 (1)In GroupAllAfrican and African Diaspora Tradition Founders (1)Baha'i Founders and Forerunners (1)Christian Reform and Anabaptist Founders (3)East Asian New Religion Founders (2)Native American and Indigenous Tradition Founders (1)Protestant and Evangelical Founders (1)Revered InAllBaha'i Faith (1)Christianity (10)Islam (2)Mazdakism (1)Sikhism (1)Zoroastrianism (1)Office HeldAllAugur and consul of the Roman Republic (63 BCE) (1)Bishop of Carthage from about 249 until his execution (1)NationalityAllChina (1)City-State of Athens (Historical) (1)France (1)Germany (2)Iran (3)Italy (1)Korea (South) (3)Latvia (1)Roman Empire (Historical) (2)Russia (2)Switzerland (2)United Kingdom (2)Vietnam (1)Veneration StatusAllFormally Canonized or Sainted (3)Historically Significant but Not Venerated (18)Officially Recognized or Venerated (5)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 36Andrew Kim TaegonExecutedAnna GöldiExecutedAntoine LavoisierExecutedAvvakumExecutedBalthasar HubmaierExecutedBanda Singh BahadurExecutedBehafaridExecutedBhai Mati DasExecutedBhai Taru SinghExecutedChoe Je-uExecutedCyprian of CarthageExecutedErnests BrastiņšExecutedFelix ManzExecutedGavriil KsenofontovExecutedGiordano BrunoExecutedHan FeiziExecutedHuynh Phu SoExecutedJahm ibn SafwanExecutedJing FangExecutedKimpa VitaExecutedKokochuExecutedMa'bad al-JuhaniExecutedMansur al-HallajExecutedMarcus Tullius CiceroExecutedMary, Queen of ScotsExecutedMatthew HopkinsExecutedMazdakExecutedNehanda NyakasikanaExecutedPavel FlorenskyExecutedSocratesExecutedSuhrawardiExecutedTáhirihExecutedThomas MuntzerExecutedThomas VennerExecutedUstadh SisExecutedYi Seung-hunExecutedConnectionsShowing the first 400 of 1,066 connections.Sources1. Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culturetier 1Wouter J. Hanegraaff, Cambridge University Press, 2012On the historiography of rejected knowledgeDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.