Home›Historical Figures›TraditionBrowse ByTraditionThis page groups historical figures by the religious tradition they belonged to or helped shape, connecting a person to the belief system that claims them. Wikipedia describes a tradition as "a system of beliefs or behaviors (folk custom) passed down within a group of people or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past." Browsing this way lets a visitor read every founder, reformer or teacher from one tradition together, rather than finding them scattered by century.FactsLearn MoreTraditionConnectionsSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsStructureStructureWell-attestedDocumented individuals whose work bore on the traditions the atlas covers, each given a lifespan, a field and a tradition. Much of the literature ascribed to figures in this field is pseudepigraphic, credited to a prestigious ancient name rather than written by one, so an attributed author here is not always the writer. 1OriginsWhose Classification This IsWell-attestedMost of the figures gathered here are studied under the heading "Western esotericism", which is itself a modern academic construction rather than a description the currents involved used of themselves. 1Learn MoreReal people who shaped the traditions This category holds actual historical persons whose work bore on the traditions in the atlas: philosophers, astrologers, alchemists, mystics, theologians, scholars and occultists. Unlike the gods and legendary characters, these are people who can be dated and, in most cases, documented, and the entries give a lifespan, a field and the tradition each worked in or influenced. The range runs from ancient philosophers and astronomers through medieval alchemists and Kabbalists to the founders of modern occultism, and includes figures central to the esoteric currents the atlas traces even where mainstream history treats them as marginal.Person, Persona and Attribution Two problems recur in this material and the atlas addresses both. First, influential esoteric writing is often pseudonymous or misattributed, credited to a prestigious ancient name; the entries separate the real author, where known, from the legendary one. Second, some figures accreted so much legend that the person is hard to see behind the persona, and the entries distinguish the documented life from the later tradition. Some individuals are dual-modelled (a historical figure here and, in their own tradition, a founder or saint elsewhere in the atlas), and the pages are kept complementary rather than duplicated.TraditionFilter Results58 entriesAdherents Today MaximumAll2489 (1)4722 (1)6000 (1)13,000 (1)5,000,000 (2)14,800,000 (1)17,000,000 (1)30,000,000 (1)324,000,000 (1)1,200,000,000 (1)2,000,000,000 (1)2,300,000,000 (1)Adherents Today MinimumAll2489 (1)4722 (1)6000 (1)13,000 (1)4,000,000 (1)5,000,000 (1)14,800,000 (1)17,000,000 (1)25,000,000 (1)324,000,000 (1)1,200,000,000 (1)2,000,000,000 (1)2,300,000,000 (1)Basis of the Membership FigureAllChurch-Reported Rolls (8)Independent Survey (11)National Census (11)Scholarly or Demographic Estimate (15)Era of Decline End YearAll300 BCE (1)100 (1)400 (1)500 (1)529 (2)550 (1)600 (1)1413 (1)1600 (2)1976 (2)Era of Decline Start YearAll450 BCE (1)100 BCE (1)300 (2)380 (3)529 (1)600 (1)1387 (1)1521 (1)1966 (2)Era of Modern Revival End YearAll1471 (1)1800 (1)1976 (1)1992 (1)2000 (1)Era of Modern Revival Start YearAll1463 (1)1781 (1)1911 (1)1972 (1)1990 (1)Establishment StatusAllConfessionalist (1)Declared Not Established (1)Disestablished (3)Established (1)No Establishment (2)Varies by Province (4)How the Expectation Is EnforcedAllCodified Obligation With Consequences (2)Customary Norm (12)Obligation to Support, No Set Rate (1)Preached Expectation, Not Enforced (1)Membership Figure As OfAll1927-01-01 (1)1949-01-01 (1)1965-01-01 (1)1969-12-31 (1)1972-01-01 (1)1974-01-01 (1)1975-01-01 (1)1990-01-01 (2)1993-01-01 (1)1995-01-01 (1)1999-01-01 (1)1999-07-22 (1)2000-01-01 (2)2001-01-01 (3)2001-03-01 (1)2002-01-01 (1)2004-01-01 (1)2008-01-01 (2)2010-01-01 (8)2011-01-01 (4)2011-01-27 (1)2011-03-01 (1)2011-12-19 (1)2012-01-01 (2)2012-12-18 (2)2013-01-01 (1)2014-01-01 (1)2015-01-01 (2)2016-01-01 (1)2016-12-31 (1)2017-01-01 (2)2017-07-17 (1)2018-01-01 (2)2019-01-01 (1)2020-01-01 (5)2021-01-01 (5)2021-05-12 (1)2021-12-31 (1)2022-01-01 (2)2023-03-01 (1)2023-08-30 (1)2024-01-01 (1)2025-01-01 (1)2026-08-13 (1)2026-08-14 (1)Origin Period End YearAll3000 BCE (2)1000 BCE (1)700 BCE (1)500 BCE (2)490 BCE (1)479 BCE (1)400 BCE (3)50 (1)142 (1)200 (1)270 (1)277 (1)300 (1)632 (1)712 (1)800 (1)1043 (1)1200 (1)1387 (1)1428 (1)1708 (1)1781 (1)1800 (3)1838 (1)1848 (1)1857 (1)1863 (1)1869 (1)1891 (1)1895 (1)1904 (1)1926 (1)1930 (1)1933 (1)1935 (1)1954 (1)1965 (1)1966 (1)1976 (1)1980 (1)1992 (1)Origin Period Start YearAll3500 BCE (1)3300 BCE (1)2000 BCE (1)1500 BCE (1)1400 BCE (1)750 BCE (1)600 BCE (1)586 BCE (1)551 BCE (1)530 BCE (1)500 BCE (2)400 BCE (1)300 BCE (1)1 (1)30 (1)100 (1)240 (1)245 (1)500 (1)610 (1)700 (1)1017 (1)1100 (1)1325 (1)1400 (1)1499 (1)1582 (1)1620 (1)1700 (1)1717 (1)1830 (1)1838 (1)1844 (1)1848 (1)1857 (1)1869 (1)1875 (1)1880 (1)1892 (1)1900 (1)1904 (1)1926 (1)1930 (1)1933 (1)1946 (1)1954 (1)1961 (1)1965 (1)1966 (1)1970 (1)1971 (1)1972 (1)1992 (1)Position on MarriageAllMarriage is held to be monogamous, with remarriage after divorce sanctioned under specified conditions (2)Marriage may licitly be polygynous (1)Position on SexualityAllSame-sex orientation or practice is held to bar full membership or participation (4)Same-sex sexual relationships are held contrary to teaching; LGBT individuals are welcomed as members but not ordained, and same-sex unions are not blessed (1)The body holds no single settled position; the question is actively and openly contested within it (3)Position on UsuryAllInterest is permitted but bound by ethical constraints against exploiting the poor (1)Interest of any kind on a loan is forbidden (1)Practice StatusAllClosed ceremonial knowledge, described but not reproduced (3)Discontinued as a state religion (6)Living, and in active revival (2)Living, and practised in varied local forms (14)Partly restricted: some elements are closed to outsiders (10)Standard Rate ExpectedAllNineteen percent. (1)Ten percent. (2)Two and a half percent. (1)Status TodayAllHistorical; not practised continuously (11)Living tradition, practised today (44)Revived or reconstructed in the modern era (5)TheologyAllAgnostic: the question held unresolved (1)Ancestor-centred (5)Animist: persons and powers in land, water and living things (4)Atheistic: no god (2)Deistic: a creator who does not intervene (1)Dualist: two opposed cosmic principles (2)Duotheistic: a divine pair (2)Emanationist: reality proceeds from an ineffable One (4)Henotheistic: a supreme being above served lesser divinities (5)Monistic: one ultimate reality behind all appearance (6)Monotheistic: one God (18)Non-theistic: no creator god is central (4)Panentheistic: the divine both within the world and beyond it (2)Polytheistic: many gods (14)Show ResultsBrowseCompareAgnosticismTradition4 entriesAncient Egyptian ReligionTradition4 entriesAncient Greek ReligionTradition11 entriesAtheismTradition2 entriesAztec ReligionTradition1 entryBahá’í FaithTradition3 entriesBaltic Paganism (Romuva)Tradition2 entriesBuddhismTradition50 entriesCao ĐàiTradition1 entryChristianityTradition227 entriesConfucianismTradition12 entriesDeismTradition1 entryDin-i-IlahiTradition1 entryDruidryTradition6 entriesDruze FaithTradition1 entryEckankarTradition1 entryFalun GongTradition1 entryGnosticismTradition1 entryGoddess MovementTradition1 entryHaitian VodouTradition1 entryHeathenryTradition7 entriesHermeticismTradition4 entriesHinduismTradition25 entriesIslamTradition103 entriesJainismTradition4 entriesJudaismTradition53 entriesKongo ReligionTradition1 entryLatter Day Saint MovementTradition4 entriesManichaeismTradition1 entryMaya ReligionTradition3 entriesMesopotamian ReligionTradition3 entriesModern PaganismTradition1 entryModern SatanismTradition1 entryNeoplatonismTradition6 entriesNew AgeTradition2 entriesNew ThoughtTradition13 entriesOmotoTradition2 entriesPythagoreanismTradition1 entryRastafariTradition1 entryRoman ReligionTradition11 entriesSecular HumanismTradition2 entriesShintoTradition5 entriesShona Traditional ReligionTradition1 entrySikhismTradition10 entriesSpiritismTradition1 entrySpiritualismTradition5 entriesTaoismTradition11 entriesTengrismTradition2 entriesTenrikyoTradition1 entryThelemaTradition3 entriesTheosophyTradition6 entriesUmbandaTradition1 entryUnião do VegetalTradition1 entryWiccaTradition11 entriesYarsanismTradition1 entryYazidismTradition1 entryYorùbá Religion (Ifá)Tradition1 entryZoroastrianismTradition14 entriesConnectionsShowing the first 400 of 1,066 connections.Sources1. Esotericism and the Academy: Rejected Knowledge in Western Culturetier 1Wouter J. Hanegraaff, Cambridge University Press, 2012On the historiography of rejected knowledgeDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.