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Olympic Spirit

Och

Origin 1575

Och is one of the seven Olympic spirits of the Arbatel de magia veterum, first printed in Latin at Basel in 1575 and rendered into English by Robert Turner in 1655. He is the governor set over the sphere of the Sun. The Arbatel gives each Olympic spirit 196 provinces of the world and a successive age of the world lasting 490 years, a structure distinct from Dee's later Heptarchia and from the Goetic hierarchy of the Ars Goetia.

Facts
Origins
Origin PeriodSourced to the subject's own account
1575 1
Origin PeriodSourced to the subject's own account
1575 is the date of the first printing. The book itself records neither when it was written nor by whom. 1
Place of OriginSourced to the subject's own account
Basel, where the Latin text was first printed 1
Attributed Author / CompilerSourced to the subject's own account
Printed anonymously. The Arbatel names no author. 1
Attributed Author / CompilerSourced to the subject's own account
Robert Turner made the 1655 English translation by which the seven are known in English 1
LanguageSourced to the subject's own account
Latin 1
LanguageSourced to the subject's own account
English 1
Rival Systems
A Rival System's AttributionSourced to the subject's own account
Agrippa's Three Books of Occult Philosophy sets its own intelligence and its own spirit over the sphere of the Sun, under names the Arbatel does not use 2
A Rival System's Attribution
John Dee's Heptarchia Mystica sets King Bobogel over Sunday and the Sun, a separate system with a separate cast of names 3
Sources
Primary SourceSourced to the subject's own account
Arbatel de magia veterum, 1575, English translation by Robert Turner, 1655. 1
Attributions
Ruling PlanetSourced to the subject's own account
Sun 1
GovernsSourced to the subject's own account
Six hundred years of health; wisdom; excellent attendant spirits; perfect knowledge of medicine; turning base matter into gold and precious stones; a purse that refills itself. 1
Status
Standing as a Comparative CategorySourced to the subject's own account
A modern system making claims scholarship never entertained; it never held scholarly standing 1
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Powers and Office in the Arbatel

In the Arbatel de magia veterum, Och is the Olympic spirit given governance over the sphere of the Sun, and the text credits him with the richest offices among the seven. He is said to grant six hundred years of health to those who bear his character, along with great wisdom, excellent attendant spirits and a perfect knowledge of medicine. The Arbatel also credits him with the power to turn base matter into gold and precious stones, and to fill a purse that continually replenishes itself with gold, offices that made Och one of the most frequently cited of the seven Olympic spirits in later popular retellings of the Arbatel.

The text goes further than it does for most of the other spirits, saying that those who bear Och's character are honored as though divine by the rulers of the world, an unusually strong claim even by the Arbatel's own generous standard for the other six. Like the rest of the Olympic spirits, Och commands a large nested court of subordinate ranks and holds his office for one of the seven 490 year ages the Arbatel assigns as a group, consistent with the Sun's traditional astrological association with honor, gold and vitality. The Arbatel does not specify how the promised six hundred years of health interacts with an ordinary human lifespan already underway, and later commentators on the text have generally left that ambiguity unresolved rather than proposing a single reading.

History and Later Influence

Och reached English readers through Robert Turner's 1655 translation of the Arbatel de magia veterum, first printed in Latin at Basel in 1575 and issued by Turner alongside his own edition of the pseudo Agrippa Fourth Book of Occult Philosophy. Och's offices of gold, wealth and honor made him one of the most quoted of the seven Olympic spirits in later summaries of the Arbatel, often set beside Bethor's more modest promise of dignity and Hagith's promise of beauty as the three most fortune focused of the seven.

Later ceremonial magic drew on the Arbatel as one source among several distinct grimoire traditions active in the same general period, including John Dee's Heptarchia Mystica, recorded within a decade of the Arbatel's first printing, and the Ars Goetia, compiled somewhat later from a different manuscript line entirely. This atlas keeps those three systems separate, since Och, the Heptarchia's kings and princes, and the Goetia's seventy two spirits come from independent sources with independent names and structures, despite sharing a broadly similar early modern European magical milieu. Och's reputation for gold and honor has made him one of the Olympic spirits most often referenced outside specialist literature, sometimes in passing descriptions of grimoire magic aimed at a general readership rather than in detailed studies of the Arbatel itself.

Connections

Associated With

Named as the Olympic spirit of this planetary sphere.

Sun, Planets

Named the Olympic Spirit governing the Sun in the Arbatel de Magia Veterum.

Source Arbatel de Magia Veterum (Robert Turner's 1655 translation)Anonymous, first printed Basel 1575; English translation by Robert Turner, 1655

Attributed To

One of the seven Olympic Spirits the Arbatel assigns to the seven classical planets.

Source Arbatel de Magia Veterum (Robert Turner's 1655 translation)Anonymous, first printed Basel 1575; English translation by Robert Turner, 1655

Contrasts With

Two rival planetary-rulership systems over the Sun: Dee's Heptarchia king here, the Arbatel's Olympic spirit there, on a scheme with no days of the week in it.

Source Arbatel de Magia Veterum (Robert Turner's 1655 translation)Anonymous, first printed Basel 1575; English translation by Robert Turner, 1655

Disciplines That Use This

Source Arbatel de Magia Veterum (Robert Turner's 1655 translation)Anonymous, first printed Basel 1575; English translation by Robert Turner, 1655
Sources
1. Arbatel de Magia Veterum (Robert Turner's 1655 translation)
Anonymous, first printed Basel 1575; English translation by Robert Turner, 1655, Esoteric Archives (transcription), 1575
  • Aphorism 16 of the Arbatel, on the seven governments of the Spirits of Olympus
    There are seven different governments of the Spirits of Olympus, by whom God hath appointed the whole frame and universe of this world to be governed
  • Contrasts With: Bobogel
  • Associated With: Sun
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2. Three Books of Occult Philosophy
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Llewellyn, 1533Book II, on the tables of the planets
Quote, Book II, on the tables of the planets
By understanding the 'laws governing how the celestial influences flow down to the earth,' the magus can 'collaborate with nature' and produce desired effects.
View the Source
3. De Heptarchia Mystica (Sloane MS 3191), Joseph H. Peterson's edition
John Dee, edited by Joseph H. Peterson, Esoteric Archives, 1997Peterson's editorial introduction to De Heptarchia Mystica
Quote, Peterson's editorial introduction to De Heptarchia Mystica
This book consists of detailed instructions for communicating with angels and employing their aid for practical purposes.
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