Home›Practices›All PracticesBrowse ByAll PracticesThe ongoing practices of religious and spiritual life, as distinct from formal rites: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, almsgiving, meditation, chant and study. Each entry records what the practice involves, which traditions keep it and in what form. Many practices are near-universal in outline and highly specific in detail, and the entries stay with the specifics.FactsLearn MoreAll PracticesSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsOverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedDisciplines sustained over time rather than performed on a set occasion: prayer, fasting, almsgiving, meditation, study, pilgrimage, asceticism. The division from ritual is this classification's own line and is drawn differently across the literature; many traditions keep the same act as both a prescribed rite and a standing discipline. 1StatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedA standard analytic category in the study of religion 2Learn MoreThe Ongoing Disciplines of Religious Life A practice, as distinct from a formal rite, is an ongoing discipline of religious or spiritual life: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, almsgiving, meditation, chant, study, asceticism. This category gathers such practices, recording what each involves, which traditions keep it, and in what form. Where a ritual is performed on an occasion, a practice is sustained over time and often woven into daily or seasonal life. Many practices recur across very different traditions (some form of prayer, fasting, meditation and charity is found almost everywhere), though the form and meaning each gives them differ.Comparable Across Traditions The recurrence of practices across traditions makes them a natural point of comparison: fasting in Ramadan, in Lent, on Yom Kippur and in Hindu vratas can be set alongside one another, as can the meditative disciplines of Buddhism, Hinduism and Christian contemplation. The atlas describes each in its own tradition's terms while making such comparison possible. The practices group by kind (devotional, ascetic, meditative, ethical, purificatory, ecstatic and the rest), so a browser can move through, say, the meditative practices of many traditions together. Set rites are treated as rituals; sustained practices are treated here.All PracticesFilter Results350 entriesOrigin Period Start YearAll-3000 (1)-2000 (2)-1500 (4)-1000 (10)-800 (2)-650 (1)-600 (7)-500 (12)-400 (10)-300 (10)-200 (4)-195 (1)-150 (2)-100 (5)-50 (1)30 (2)70 (4)142 (1)250 (1)325 (1)375 (1)511 (1)530 (1)610 (18)622 (4)634 (1)680 (1)700 (9)850 (2)874 (1)900 (2)950 (1)1042 (1)1050 (4)1100 (6)1150 (2)1195 (1)1200 (2)1227 (1)1253 (1)1375 (1)1400 (4)1451 (1)1499 (3)1522 (1)1549 (1)1550 (2)1600 (1)1604 (1)1650 (1)1652 (2)1699 (2)1700 (1)1773 (1)1800 (2)1833 (1)1835 (1)1840 (1)1842 (1)1848 (1)1850 (1)1870 (2)1875 (1)1888 (2)1890 (1)1894 (1)1900 (1)1901 (1)1910 (1)1913 (2)1920 (1)1922 (1)1930 (2)1942 (1)1945 (1)1946 (1)1952 (1)1955 (1)1963 (1)1965 (1)1966 (1)1968 (1)1970 (4)1971 (2)1974 (1)1976 (1)1979 (1)1982 (1)1985 (1)1990 (1)1992 (1)2018 (1)Unesco StatusAllInscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (9)Attested In RegionAllChina (1)North America (1)Attested InAllThe Greek Magical Papyri (1)Solitary or CommunalAllPerformed alone (82)Performed alone or together (130)Performed by a gathered group (70)Performed by an officiant for a recipient (42)TraditionAllAfrican Methodist Episcopal Church (7)African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (7)Ahmadiyya (1)Aladura (3)Alevism (2)Alexandrian Wicca (4)Amish (3)Anabaptism (2)Anglican Communion (15)Anglicanism (15)Armenian Apostolic Church (17)Assyrian Church of the East (3)Baptist (6)Beta Israel (6)Breslov Hasidism (26)Calvinism (Reformed) (5)Chabad-Lubavitch (26)Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (7)Christian Science (2)Church of Cyprus (25)Church of England (15)Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) (3)Church of Greece (25)Church of Ireland (15)Church of Satan (2)Church of Scotland (5)Church of Sweden (12)Church of the Nazarene (7)Conservative Judaism (9)Coptic Orthodoxy (18)Dianic Wicca (4)Digambara (3)Disciples of Christ (2)Dutch Reformed Church (5)Eastern Orthodoxy (31)Eclectic Solitary Wicca (4)Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (25)Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (18)Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (18)Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (12)Evangelicalism (1)Feri Tradition (3)Free Methodist Church (7)Gardnerian Wicca (4)Georgian Orthodox Church (25)Global Methodist Church (7)Greek Orthodox Church (25)Haredi Judaism (26)Hasidic Judaism (26)Humanistic Judaism (3)Ibadism (1)Irani Zoroastrianism (1)Jehovah's Witnesses (2)Karaite Judaism (5)Khalsa (2)Kimbanguist Church (2)Latter-day Saints (Mormonism) (6)Lutheranism (12)Mahayana (1)Maronite Church (5)Mennonites (2)Methodism (7)Modern Orthodox Judaism (25)Moravian Church (3)National Baptist Convention of America (6)Nichiren (1)Nirmala (2)Old Believers (5)Order of Nine Angles (2)Oriental Orthodoxy (18)Orthodox Judaism (25)Parsi Zoroastrianism (1)Pentecostalism (3)Presbyterianism (5)Progressive National Baptist Convention (6)Pure Land (1)Quakerism (Religious Society of Friends) (4)Quanzhen (Complete Reality) (4)Reclaiming (3)Reconstructionist Judaism (4)Reform Judaism (9)Roman Catholicism (36)Romanian Orthodox Church (25)Russian Orthodox Church (25)Saint Thomas Christians (3)Salafism (1)Seax-Wica (3)Sect Shinto (2)Serbian Orthodox Church (25)Seventh-day Adventism (3)Shaivism (4)Shakers (3)Shaktism (2)Shangqing (Highest Clarity) (2)Shia (Twelver) (7)Shingon (1)Shrine Shinto (3)Smartism (1)Soto (1)Sufism (12)Sunni (2)Svetambara (3)Temple of Set (2)The Episcopal Church (15)The United Methodist Church (7)Theravada (7)Tibetan Buddhism (11)Udasi (2)Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (7)Ukrainian Orthodox Church (25)Vaishnavism (4)Vajrayana (6)Wesleyan Church (7)Zaidiyyah (1)Zen (8)Zhengyi (Orthodox Unity) (2)Zion Christian Church (3)Category of PracticeAllArtistic and literary (1)Ascetic (2)Charitable (3)Devotional (37)Devotional, addressed to the worshipper's own inner head (1)Devotional, and divinatory in the same act (1)Dietary (10)Divinatory (1)Ecstatic (2)Esoteric (8)Ethical (2)Initiatory (1)Instructional (1)Meditative (15)Mystical (1)Psychological (1)Purificatory (8)Ritual sleep in a temple precinct seeking a healing dream (1)Sacrificial (1)Therapeutic (1)Who Performs ItAllAll adherents of the tradition (168)Clergy or ordained officiants (25)Householders, those living in the world (4)Initiates only (29)Lay people (17)Monastics: monks and nuns (11)The candidate undergoing the rite (3)Trained or authorised specialists (67)Women only (3)Practice StatusAllHistorical; not practised continuously (18)Living tradition, practised today (294)Revived or reconstructed in the modern era (2)Scholarly StandingAllA modern system making claims scholarship never entertained; it never held scholarly standing (2)A standard analytic category in the study of religion (338)Used, but its validity as a comparative category is disputed (7)CadenceAllAnnual (18)As the occasion requires (54)Continuous: a standing discipline, not an event (20)Daily (65)Monthly (6)Once, or at a turning point in a life (9)Seasonal, at set points in the year (7)Several times a day (4)Weekly (11)ObligationAllObligatory (57)Obligatory on those who meet its conditions (16)Optional and voluntary (17)Recommended and meritorious, not required (28)Undertaken only with authorisation or transmission (23)Offered ToAllExu (1)Pomba Gira (1)The Orishas (1)Holds ElementAllAir (1)Fire (1)In GroupAllAncient and Historical Religious Practices (7)Buddhist Devotional Practices (11)Christian Devotional Practices (34)East Asian Devotional Practices (5)Hindu Devotional Practices (13)Indigenous and Folk Devotional Practices (2)Islamic Devotional Practices (38)Jewish Devotional Practices (14)New Religious Movement Practices (6)Sikh Devotional Practices (6)Traditional African and Diaspora Practices (3)Zoroastrian Devotional Practices (6)Founded ByAllJon Kabat-Zinn (1)Mata Khivi (1)Stanislav Grof (1)Swami Satyananda Saraswati (1)Wim Hof (1)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 100Pesukei DezimraDevotional PracticesPhowaMeditative PracticesPilgrimageDevotional PracticesPillar of BalanceEsoteric PracticesPillar of MercyEsoteric PracticesPillar of SeverityEsoteric PracticesPradakshinaDevotional PracticesPratikramanaPurificatory PracticesPrayerDevotional PracticesPrayer compensationDevotional PracticesPraying the RosaryDevotional PracticesPrimeDevotional PracticesProstrationsDevotional PracticesPuja (daily worship)Devotional PracticesPurity CultureEthical PracticesQiyamDevotional PracticesQiyam al-LaylDevotional PracticesQuimbanda Offerings at the CrossroadsDevotional PracticesRaf al-YadaynDevotional PracticesRak'aDevotional PracticesRapithwin GahDevotional PracticesRefuge in BuddhismDevotional PracticesRefusal of blood transfusionsEthical PracticesRetablo and SantosDevotional PracticesRetreatMeditative PracticesRising on the planesEsoteric PracticesRitual drummingEcstatic PracticesRitual purification (harae)Purificatory PracticesRoman Imperial CultDevotional PracticesRoyal BloodlettingAscetic PracticesRumspringaInitiatory PracticesRuqyahPurificatory PracticesSadaqahCharitable PracticesSahaj PathDevotional PracticesSai between Safa and MarwaDevotional PracticesSaikaiDietary PracticesSalatul TasbihDevotional PracticesSallekhana (ritual fast to death)Ascetic PracticesSama (spiritual music and whirling)Devotional PracticesSamatha (calm abiding)Meditative PracticesSamayikaMeditative PracticesSand MandalaDevotional PracticesSandhyavandanamDevotional PracticesSattvic DietDietary PracticesSefirat HaOmerDevotional PracticesSelichotDevotional PracticesSermonDevotional PracticesSeva (selfless service)Charitable PracticesSeven SacramentsDevotional PracticesSex MagicEsoteric PracticesSextDevotional PracticesShacharitDevotional PracticesShadow workPsychological PracticesShakyo (Devotional Sutra Copying)Devotional PracticesShaolin Kung FuMartial PracticesShidianDevotional PracticesShikantaza (just sitting)Meditative PracticesShodo (Japanese Calligraphy)Devotional PracticesShrine offerings and worshipDevotional PracticesSigilizationEsoteric PracticesSikh Dietary CodeDietary PracticesSilatMartial PracticesSitta min ShawwālDietary PracticesSitting in salahDevotional PracticesSix Yogas of NaropaMeditative PracticesSmudgingPurificatory PracticesSnan (Sacred Bathing)Purificatory PracticesSobadaTherapeutic PracticesSoferut (STaM Scribal Art)Devotional PracticesSokushinbutsuAscetic PracticesSolitary self-directed practiceDevotional PracticesSound bathMeditative PracticesSpeaking in tongues (glossolalia)Devotional PracticesSpellcraftEsoteric PracticesSpirit writingEsoteric PracticesSpiritual BathPurificatory PracticesSpiritual DirectionEthical PracticesStations of the CrossDevotional PracticesStudy of KabbalahMeditative PracticesSujud SahwiDevotional PracticesSumoMartial PracticesSungazingMeditative PracticesSusokukan (Zen Breath Counting)Meditative PracticesSweat lodge ceremonyPurificatory PracticesTahajjudDevotional PracticesTai chi (Taijiquan)Meditative PracticesTaixi (Embryonic Breathing)Meditative PracticesTalismanic and exorcistic ritualDevotional PracticesTantraMeditative PracticesTarawihDevotional PracticesTawafDevotional PracticesTayammumPurificatory PracticesTemizuPurificatory PracticesTemple ElephantsDevotional PracticesTending the sacred fireDevotional PracticesTerceDevotional PracticesThangka PaintingDevotional PracticesThanksgiving (gratitude)Devotional PracticesThe Bornless RitualEsoteric PracticesThe Cem ceremonyDevotional Practices← Previous1234Next →Sources1. Encyclopedia of Religiontier 1Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005View the Source2. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensionstier 1Catherine Bell, Oxford University Press, 1997View the SourceDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.