Home›Practices›Who Performs It›All adherents of the traditionBrowse ByAll adherents of the traditionThis page groups practices by who actually carries them out. Wikipedia notes that in the Catholic Church, cultus "is the technical term for Roman Catholic devotions or veneration extended to a particular saint," a practice of ordinary believers rather than clergy alone. Browsing this way lets a visitor separate a practice open to any adherent from one reserved for a specialist.FactsLearn MoreAll adherents of the traditionSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsOverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedDisciplines sustained over time rather than performed on a set occasion: prayer, fasting, almsgiving, meditation, study, pilgrimage, asceticism. The division from ritual is this classification's own line and is drawn differently across the literature; many traditions keep the same act as both a prescribed rite and a standing discipline. 1StatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedA standard analytic category in the study of religion 2Learn MoreThe Ongoing Disciplines of Religious Life A practice, as distinct from a formal rite, is an ongoing discipline of religious or spiritual life: prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, almsgiving, meditation, chant, study, asceticism. This category gathers such practices, recording what each involves, which traditions keep it, and in what form. Where a ritual is performed on an occasion, a practice is sustained over time and often woven into daily or seasonal life. Many practices recur across very different traditions (some form of prayer, fasting, meditation and charity is found almost everywhere), though the form and meaning each gives them differ.Comparable Across Traditions The recurrence of practices across traditions makes them a natural point of comparison: fasting in Ramadan, in Lent, on Yom Kippur and in Hindu vratas can be set alongside one another, as can the meditative disciplines of Buddhism, Hinduism and Christian contemplation. The atlas describes each in its own tradition's terms while making such comparison possible. The practices group by kind (devotional, ascetic, meditative, ethical, purificatory, ecstatic and the rest), so a browser can move through, say, the meditative practices of many traditions together. Set rites are treated as rituals; sustained practices are treated here.All adherents of the traditionFilter Results168 entriesOrigin Period Start YearAll-3000 (1)-1500 (4)-1000 (4)-800 (2)-600 (3)-500 (8)-400 (4)-300 (9)-200 (2)-50 (1)30 (2)70 (4)100 (1)150 (1)325 (1)610 (17)622 (4)634 (1)680 (1)700 (5)874 (1)1042 (1)1100 (2)1150 (1)1200 (2)1227 (1)1253 (1)1400 (2)1451 (1)1499 (3)1522 (1)1549 (1)1550 (2)1604 (1)1650 (1)1652 (2)1699 (1)1773 (1)1800 (1)1833 (1)1835 (1)1842 (1)1870 (1)1894 (1)1901 (1)1913 (1)1920 (1)1930 (2)1942 (1)1945 (1)1965 (1)1966 (1)1968 (1)1990 (1)1992 (1)2018 (1)Unesco StatusAllInscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (5)Attested In RegionAllNorth America (1)Solitary or CommunalAllPerformed alone (32)Performed alone or together (95)Performed by a gathered group (36)Performed by an officiant for a recipient (3)TraditionAllAfrican Methodist Episcopal Church (5)African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (5)Ahmadiyya (1)Aladura (2)Alevism (2)Alexandrian Wicca (1)Amish (3)Anabaptism (2)Anglican Communion (7)Anglicanism (7)Armenian Apostolic Church (10)Assyrian Church of the East (2)Baptist (5)Beta Israel (5)Breslov Hasidism (23)Calvinism (Reformed) (5)Chabad-Lubavitch (23)Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (5)Christian Science (1)Church of Cyprus (11)Church of England (7)Church of God (Anderson, Indiana) (3)Church of Greece (11)Church of Ireland (7)Church of Satan (2)Church of Scotland (5)Church of Sweden (5)Church of the Nazarene (5)Conservative Judaism (8)Coptic Orthodoxy (11)Dianic Wicca (1)Digambara (2)Disciples of Christ (2)Dutch Reformed Church (5)Eastern Orthodoxy (15)Eclectic Solitary Wicca (1)Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (11)Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (10)Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (10)Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (5)Feri Tradition (1)Free Methodist Church (5)Gardnerian Wicca (1)Georgian Orthodox Church (11)Global Methodist Church (5)Greek Orthodox Church (11)Haredi Judaism (22)Hasidic Judaism (23)Humanistic Judaism (3)Ibadism (1)Jehovah's Witnesses (2)Karaite Judaism (4)Khalsa (1)Kimbanguist Church (2)Latter-day Saints (Mormonism) (4)Lutheranism (5)Mahayana (1)Maronite Church (3)Mennonites (2)Methodism (5)Modern Orthodox Judaism (22)Moravian Church (2)National Baptist Convention of America (5)Nichiren (1)Nirmala (1)Old Believers (3)Order of Nine Angles (1)Oriental Orthodoxy (10)Orthodox Judaism (22)Pentecostalism (2)Presbyterianism (5)Progressive National Baptist Convention (5)Pure Land (1)Quakerism (Religious Society of Friends) (4)Quanzhen (Complete Reality) (1)Reclaiming (1)Reconstructionist Judaism (4)Reform Judaism (8)Roman Catholicism (14)Romanian Orthodox Church (11)Russian Orthodox Church (11)Saint Thomas Christians (3)Seax-Wica (1)Serbian Orthodox Church (11)Seventh-day Adventism (3)Shaivism (3)Shakers (1)Shaktism (1)Shangqing (Highest Clarity) (1)Shia (Twelver) (7)Shrine Shinto (1)Smartism (1)Soto (1)Sufism (4)Sunni (2)Svetambara (2)Temple of Set (1)The Episcopal Church (7)The United Methodist Church (5)Theravada (2)Tibetan Buddhism (2)Udasi (1)Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (5)Ukrainian Orthodox Church (11)Vaishnavism (4)Vajrayana (1)Wesleyan Church (5)Zaidiyyah (1)Zen (4)Zion Christian Church (2)Category of PracticeAllAscetic (1)Charitable (2)Devotional (18)Devotional, addressed to the worshipper's own inner head (1)Devotional, and divinatory in the same act (1)Dietary (6)Ecstatic (1)Ethical (2)Meditative (12)Psychological (1)Purificatory (4)Ritual sleep in a temple precinct seeking a healing dream (1)Practice StatusAllHistorical; not practised continuously (7)Living tradition, practised today (151)Scholarly StandingAllA standard analytic category in the study of religion (165)Used, but its validity as a comparative category is disputed (3)CadenceAllAnnual (16)As the occasion requires (30)Continuous: a standing discipline, not an event (10)Daily (43)Monthly (3)Once, or at a turning point in a life (4)Seasonal, at set points in the year (2)Several times a day (2)Weekly (6)ObligationAllObligatory (41)Obligatory on those who meet its conditions (9)Optional and voluntary (7)Recommended and meritorious, not required (23)Undertaken only with authorisation or transmission (1)Offered ToAllThe Orishas (1)Holds ElementAllAir (1)In GroupAllAncient and Historical Religious Practices (5)Buddhist Devotional Practices (4)Christian Devotional Practices (13)East Asian Devotional Practices (1)Hindu Devotional Practices (8)Islamic Devotional Practices (19)Jewish Devotional Practices (13)New Religious Movement Practices (2)Sikh Devotional Practices (4)Traditional African and Diaspora Practices (2)Zoroastrian Devotional Practices (5)Founded ByAllMata Khivi (1)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 168AbhyangaAll adherents of the traditionAgpeyaAll adherents of the traditionAhimsa (nonviolence)All adherents of the traditionAikidoAll adherents of the traditionAiwisruthrem GahAll adherents of the traditionAlmsgiving / CharityAll adherents of the traditionAnapanasatiAll adherents of the traditionAparche (First Fruits Offering)All adherents of the traditionAsrAll adherents of the traditionBaptismal lifeAll adherents of the traditionBedikat ChametzAll adherents of the traditionBhajanAll adherents of the traditionBhakti (devotion)All adherents of the traditionBhastrikaAll adherents of the traditionBreathworkAll adherents of the traditionCandle and lamp lightingAll adherents of the traditionCapoeiraAll adherents of the traditionChanting / MantraAll adherents of the traditionChanting HUAll adherents of the traditionChanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyoAll adherents of the traditionDarshanAll adherents of the traditionDhikr (remembrance of God)All adherents of the traditionDhuhrAll adherents of the traditionDoor-to-door evangelismAll adherents of the traditionEcstatic danceAll adherents of the traditionEkadashi observanceAll adherents of the traditionEucharistic adorationAll adherents of the traditionFajrAll adherents of the traditionFamily History ResearchAll adherents of the traditionFast Sunday and the Fast OfferingAll adherents of the traditionFastingAll adherents of the traditionFoot washingAll adherents of the traditionGada SystemAll adherents of the traditionGhuslAll adherents of the traditionGreater and Lesser MagicAll adherents of the traditionGrounding and CenteringAll adherents of the traditionHakafotAll adherents of the traditionHalalAll adherents of the traditionHatsumodeAll adherents of the traditionHavan GahAll adherents of the traditionHetep Di Nesu (Offering Formula Recitation)All adherents of the traditionHifzAll adherents of the traditionHitbodedutAll adherents of the traditionHitbonenutAll adherents of the traditionHoshanotAll adherents of the traditionHukamnamaAll adherents of the traditionIgnatian contemplationAll adherents of the traditionIncense offeringAll adherents of the traditionIncubation at Healing SanctuariesAll adherents of the traditionIshaAll adherents of the traditionIslamic views on fasting in the polar regionsAll adherents of the traditionIstikharaAll adherents of the traditionIstisqaAll adherents of the traditionItalAll adherents of the traditionItikafAll adherents of the traditionJain Dietary CodeAll adherents of the traditionJapaAll adherents of the traditionKabbalat ShabbatAll adherents of the traditionKalaripayattuAll adherents of the traditionKapalabhatiAll adherents of the traditionKayotsargaAll adherents of the traditionKeeping KosherAll adherents of the traditionKever AvotAll adherents of the traditionKhumsAll adherents of the traditionKinhin (walking meditation)All adherents of the traditionKirtanAll adherents of the traditionKola Nut OfferingAll adherents of the traditionLandtaking Observances (Landnam)All adherents of the traditionLangarAll adherents of the traditionLucid dreamingAll adherents of the traditionMaarivAll adherents of the traditionMaghribAll adherents of the traditionMaunaAll adherents of the traditionMeditationAll adherents of the traditionMehndiAll adherents of the traditionMetta-bhavana (loving-kindness meditation)All adherents of the traditionMinchaAll adherents of the traditionMinisteringAll adherents of the traditionMourning of AshuraAll adherents of the traditionMusafAll adherents of the traditionMussar PracticeAll adherents of the traditionNaam SimranAll adherents of the traditionNadi ShodhanaAll adherents of the traditionNembutsu (reciting Amitabha's name)All adherents of the traditionNetilat YadayimAll adherents of the traditionNew Moon observanceAll adherents of the traditionNextlahualli (Debt Payment Offering)All adherents of the traditionNiddahAll adherents of the traditionNitnemAll adherents of the traditionNoble SilenceAll adherents of the traditionObserving the SabbathAll adherents of the traditionOperation Mindfuck (Guerrilla Ontology)All adherents of the traditionOri VenerationAll adherents of the traditionOrthodox Christian FastingAll adherents of the traditionPehlwaniAll adherents of the traditionPesukei DezimraAll adherents of the traditionPilgrimageAll adherents of the traditionPradakshinaAll adherents of the traditionPratikramanaAll adherents of the traditionPrayerAll adherents of the traditionPrayer compensationAll adherents of the traditionProstrationsAll adherents of the traditionPuja (daily worship)All adherents of the traditionPurity CultureAll adherents of the traditionQiyam al-LaylAll adherents of the traditionRapithwin GahAll adherents of the traditionRefusal of blood transfusionsAll adherents of the traditionRetreatAll adherents of the traditionRumspringaAll adherents of the traditionSadaqahAll adherents of the traditionSahaj PathAll adherents of the traditionSai between Safa and MarwaAll adherents of the traditionSallekhana (ritual fast to death)All adherents of the traditionSamatha (calm abiding)All adherents of the traditionSamayikaAll adherents of the traditionSefirat HaOmerAll adherents of the traditionSelichotAll adherents of the traditionSeva (selfless service)All adherents of the traditionSeven SacramentsAll adherents of the traditionShacharitAll adherents of the traditionShadow workAll adherents of the traditionShakyo (Devotional Sutra Copying)All adherents of the traditionShikantaza (just sitting)All adherents of the traditionShrine offerings and worshipAll adherents of the traditionSikh Dietary CodeAll adherents of the traditionSilatAll adherents of the traditionSnan (Sacred Bathing)All adherents of the traditionSpeaking in tongues (glossolalia)All adherents of the traditionStations of the CrossAll adherents of the traditionSungazingAll adherents of the traditionSusokukan (Zen Breath Counting)All adherents of the traditionTahajjudAll adherents of the traditionTai chi (Taijiquan)All adherents of the traditionTarawihAll adherents of the traditionTawafAll adherents of the traditionTayammumAll adherents of the traditionTemizuAll adherents of the traditionThanksgiving (gratitude)All adherents of the traditionThe Cem ceremonyAll adherents of the traditionThe Five Falun Gong ExercisesAll adherents of the traditionThe Five PillarsAll adherents of the traditionThe Great Law of Peace (Kaianere'ko:wa)All adherents of the traditionThe Quaker Sense of the MeetingAll adherents of the traditionThe Word of WisdomAll adherents of the traditionTheosis (the Pursuit of Deification)All adherents of the traditionTilakaAll adherents of the traditionTonglen (giving and taking)All adherents of the traditionTrataka (fixed gazing)All adherents of the traditionUjjayiAll adherents of the traditionUnprogrammed silent worshipAll adherents of the traditionUpvasAll adherents of the traditionUse of the Book of Common PrayerAll adherents of the traditionUshahin GahAll adherents of the traditionUzerin GahAll adherents of the traditionVegetarianismAll adherents of the traditionVeneration of iconsAll adherents of the traditionVeneration of saints and MaryAll adherents of the traditionVotive Offering (Anathema)All adherents of the traditionWitrAll adherents of the traditionWorship of the lingamAll adherents of the traditionXenia (Guest Friendship as Religious Obligation)All adherents of the traditionYahrzeitAll adherents of the traditionYogaAll adherents of the traditionZakatAll adherents of the traditionZakat al-FitrAll adherents of the traditionZakat al-MalAll adherents of the traditionZazenAll adherents of the traditionZuowangAll adherents of the traditionSources1. Encyclopedia of Religiontier 1Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005View the Source2. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensionstier 1Catherine Bell, Oxford University Press, 1997View the SourceDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.