Divinity Atlas

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Yunnan

East Asia and Central Asia

Yunnan is a mountainous province of southwest China bordering Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and the most ethnically diverse province in the country, home to twenty five of China's officially recognized ethnic minorities alongside the Han majority. Its religious landscape is correspondingly layered: Theravada Buddhism, practiced by the Dai people of the southern Xishuangbanna region, links Yunnan to the Buddhist world of mainland Southeast Asia rather than to the Mahayana Buddhism of the rest of China, while Chinese Buddhism, Daoism and folk religion are established among the Han and among the Bai of the Dali region, whose Bai indigenous religion centers on the Benzhu, local tutelary gods particular to each Bai community. In the province's northeast, the Yi people maintain a religion centered on the bimo, ritual specialists trained to read and recite the Yi script's sacred texts, who preside over ancestor veneration, healing and rites addressed to nature spirits, a tradition Yunnan's Yi communities share with related populations across the southwest.

Facts
Geography
Latitude
25 degrees north 1
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.
Longitude
102 degrees east 1
Approximate reference point, rounded to one decimal place; a large or historical region has no formal center, so this coordinate is conventional, not a precise boundary claim.
Modern Area
Yunnan, a mountainous province of southwest China bordering Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. 2
Traditions
Principal Religious Traditions
Theravada Buddhism among the Dai of Xishuangbanna; Chinese Buddhism, Daoism and folk religion among the Han and the Bai, whose own indigenous religion centers on the Benzhu tutelary gods; and Yi traditional religion, centered on the bimo ritual specialists who recite the Yi script's sacred texts. 2
Sacred and Liturgical Languages
Standard Chinese; the Dai language, in which the Theravada Pali canon is transmitted locally; Bai; and the Yi script, in which bimo ritual texts are written. 2
Learn More
A Third Month Fair and the Ordination a Boy Is Expected to Complete

Two of Yunnan's religious communities mark their year around a public gathering rooted in older religious practice. Among the Bai of the Dali region, the Third Month Fair, San Yue Jie, held each spring at the foot of the Cangshan mountains, traces its origin in local tradition to a Buddhist assembly and today combines Benzhu worship, trade and folk performance in a single week long gathering that remains one of Yunnan's largest annual religious and cultural events, held within sight of the older Buddhist grottoes the Bai carved into the nearby hills of Shibaoshan.

Among the Dai of Xishuangbanna, Theravada Buddhist practice follows a different but equally structured expectation, most Dai boys enter a temple for a period of ordination as a novice monk, learning to read Dai script through Buddhist texts before returning, in most cases, to lay life, a temporary ordination pattern shared with the Buddhist societies of Myanmar, Laos and Thailand across the border rather than with the Mahayana Buddhism practiced elsewhere in China. The practice ties Yunnan's southern Buddhist communities to a religious world organized around the mainland Southeast Asian rains retreat calendar, distinct from the ritual calendar followed by Han Buddhist temples elsewhere in the same province.

Connections

Associated With

This source names Yunnan directly: "and Du Wenxiu's Pingnan state in Yunnan province, the first English language monograph devoted to the episode, reading it through Yunnan's own multiethnic society rather than filtering it through..."

Source Divinity Atlas Original Articles, Second Edition
Yi, Pantheons
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

Modern Area

China, Countries
Source GeoNames: GeoNames search for Yunnan

Regions Where This Is Principal

Buddhism, Religions
Source Encyclopedia of ReligionMircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.)

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Sources
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica (online academic reference)
Encyclopaedia Britannica editors, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2024View the Source
2. Encyclopedia of Religion
Mircea Eliade (ed.); Lindsay Jones (ed., 2nd ed.), Macmillan Reference, 2005View the Source
GeoNames: GeoNames search for Yunnan
GeoNamesModern Area: China, Search result for Yunnan
Quote, Modern Area: China, Search result for Yunnan
25.0 101.5 China , Yunnan first-order administrative division
View the Source
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