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5th century BCE

This page groups deities by the earliest year a surviving written or inscribed source places them, sorting gods by how far back their documented worship can actually be traced. Archaeologists call this kind of earliest possible date a terminus post quem, which Wikipedia defines as "the earliest date the event may have happened or the item was in existence." Browsing by first attestation separates deities known from the oldest surviving records from ones who only appear in much later texts.

Facts
Overview
What Defines This Grouping
The gods of Roman public and household religion, a tradition defined more by correct performance of rite and by divine function than by narrative. Rome's major gods were progressively identified with Greek ones and much of the myth attached to them is Greek; the archaic priesthoods, the festival calendar and figures such as Janus and Vesta are where the native religion is clearest. 2
Attestation
Era of Attestation
Attested from the sixth century BCE in inscriptions and in the archaic festival calendar; the public cult ended with the imperial legislation of 391 to 392 CE. 2
Veneration Today
The public cult was ended by law in late antiquity; no continuous worship survives. 2
Directory
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Deities 1
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The gods of Rome

This group holds the deities of ancient Roman religion. Roman worship began with native Italic and household gods and a strong sense of divine functions and rites, and over time identified its major gods with those of Greece, adopting much of Greek myth in the process.

The browser will find the Capitoline triad of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, along with Mars, Venus, Neptune, Mercury and the rest of the Olympian equivalents, as well as distinctively Roman figures such as Janus, the two-faced god of doorways and beginnings, and Vesta of the hearth. The entries note the Greek counterpart of each syncretised god.

5th century BCE
Filter Results9 entries

Bacchus

5th century BCE

Ceres

5th century BCE

Fortuna

5th century BCE

Lares

5th century BCE

Mercury

5th century BCE

Neptune

5th century BCE

Palici

5th century BCE

Penates

5th century BCE

Saturn

5th century BCE
Sources
1. Divinity Atlas Directory Taxonomy, First Edition Category Tree
2. The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edition
Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth and Esther Eidinow (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2012s.v. religion, RomanView the Source
Divinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptions
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