South Carolina

Mother Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston was founded in 1816 by a group of free and enslaved Black Charlestonians, and two years later Denmark Vesey, a carpenter who had purchased his own freedom in 1799 after winning a city lottery, helped organize the congregation as an independent AME body separate from white oversight. Vesey used the standing that gave him to plan a large scale uprising against slavery for the summer of 1822, recruiting through the same church networks he had helped build, and when the plot was discovered before it could be carried out, city authorities convicted Vesey and five other organizers in a secret trial and executed them on July 2, 1822. The church itself was burned to the ground that same year specifically because of its association with him, and South Carolina responded by tightening restrictions on Black congregations meeting without white supervision for decades afterward. Mother Emanuel's members rebuilt the congregation once emancipation made an independent Black church legal again, carrying the name into the twenty first century as one of the oldest continuously organized Black congregations in the South.

Charleston's French Huguenot congregation, founded by Protestant refugees fleeing persecution in the 1680s, remains the oldest continuously active Huguenot church in the country, a very different colonial religious thread from Mother Emanuel's. Evangelical Protestant identification leads the state at thirty nine percent of adults, per Pew's 2023-24 study, ahead of Historically Black Protestant at seventeen.