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Fourteen in Islam and Elsewhere

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Fourteen in Islam and Elsewhere

Twelver Shia Islam venerates the Fourteen Infallibles, the Masumin: the Prophet Muhammad, his daughter Fatimah, and the twelve Imams, held to be preserved from sin and error. The Arabic script supplies another fourteen: of the twenty-eight letters, fourteen open certain surahs as the disconnected letters, the huruf muqattaat, and are known as the luminous letters, exactly half the alphabet. Beyond religion the number keeps its structural uses, fourteen lines make a sonnet, and fourteen pounds make a stone in British weight, but these are conventions rather than symbolism. The recurring thread is the doubled seven and the lunar half-month, which between them account for most of the number's traditional weight.

The digit four that fourteen contains carries its own weight in Chinese numerology, quite apart from any doubled seven: the word for four, si, is a near-homophone of si, to die, and the association is strong enough that buildings, hotel floors and hospital rooms across China and other Chinese-speaking regions routinely skip numbers containing it, fourteen included, in the same way many Western buildings skip a thirteenth floor. The avoidance is a documented modern building practice, not an ancient doctrine, and it sits entirely apart from the Egyptian, Christian and Islamic fourteens already described.

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