Al-Jathiya ('The Kneeling'), 37 Meccan verses, draws signs from the heavens, the seas and the alternation of night and day, and rebukes those who take their own desire as their god (45:23). It pictures every nation kneeling before its record on the Day of Judgement (45:28).
Al-Jathiya's title verse, describing every nation kneeling before its record on the Day of Judgement (45:28), gives the surah its name from a single dramatic scene near its close, following a chapter otherwise devoted to signs drawn from creation, the alternation of day and night, the provision sent down as rain, the ships that sail the sea by God's leave (45:3-5), that commentators read as building the case for accountability that the closing scene then dramatizes. The rebuke of 'one who takes his own desire as his god' (45:23) is read by classical theologians as one of the Quran's sharpest statements against unprincipled self-will, treating the elevation of personal appetite above revealed guidance as itself a form of idolatry even without any literal object of worship involved. The surah's address to the Children of Israel, given clear ordinances and preferred over other nations of their time (45:16), yet who fell into dispute out of mutual envy after knowledge had come to them (45:17), is read by commentators as a cautionary parallel implicitly addressed to Muhammad's own community, warning against repeating a fracturing born of knowledge misused rather than knowledge lacking.