Anglicanism is held together by how it prays rather than by what it subscribes, and this is the key to its governance.
The Book of Common Prayer, in Cranmer's successive versions and above all in the settled edition of 1662, supplied a single liturgy for a whole realm, and the phrase that Anglicans use for the principle, the law of praying is the law of believing, means that the liturgy carries the doctrine. The Thirty-Nine Articles of 1571 exist and are Protestant in cast, but they are short, they are not a systematic confession on the Westminster model, and most Anglican provinces no longer require assent to them in any strict sense.
Governance is episcopal but synodical. Bishops hold the historic threefold order of bishop, priest and deacon, and Anglicans treat the historic episcopate as a condition of communion, which is one of the four points of the Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral, the tradition's standing statement of the basis on which it would reunite with anyone. But bishops do not govern alone: each province has a synod or convention in which bishops, clergy and laity all vote, often by separate houses, and legislation requires all three.
The Communion itself is the weak point. It has no legislature. Its four instruments, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lambeth Conference of bishops held roughly every decade, the Anglican Consultative Council and the Primates' Meeting, can advise, request and express a mind, and none of them can bind a province. Every province is autonomous. When provinces disagree fundamentally, there is no mechanism to resolve it, and that is the situation the Communion is now in.