The Avodah service recited during the Musaf prayer on Yom Kippur is the fullest surviving liturgical form of the concept, a piyyut, or liturgical poem, that walks the congregation step by step through the High Priest's procedure on the Day of Atonement as described in the Mishnah tractate Yoma: his seven days of preparatory seclusion, his ritual immersions and changes of vestment, the confession he made over a bull for his own sins and those of his household, the lottery cast between the two goats, one sent into the wilderness and one offered, and finally his single yearly entry into the Holy of Holies to offer incense before the Ark, the one moment in the entire ritual calendar when any human being stood in that innermost space.
At the liturgical high point of the recitation, describing the moment the High Priest pronounced the divine name aloud in the Temple and the assembled people, hearing it, fell prostrate, congregations today reenact the gesture themselves, one of the only points in the contemporary synagogue service where full prostration is performed. The physical act closes the distance the words alone cannot, letting a congregation with no Temple and no priesthood left standing briefly inhabit, in the body rather than only in memory, the single most solemn moment the old service contained.