Lamentations has a liturgical role unusually tightly bound to a single day: Jewish tradition reads it in full on Tisha B'Av, the annual fast mourning the destruction of both the First and Second Temples, along with a long list of later calamities tradition associates with the same date, making the book the literary center of the most solemn fast day in the Jewish calendar rather than a text read occasionally alongside others. Its close association with Jeremiah rests on the Greek Septuagint's added introductory note, absent from the Hebrew text itself, describing Jeremiah sitting and weeping over the ruined city before composing the poems, a tradition Christian Bibles inherited by placing Lamentations directly after Jeremiah's own prophetic book.
Critical scholars note that this attribution, however ancient, is an inference from Jeremiah's known role as an eyewitness prophet of the same catastrophe rather than a claim the Hebrew text makes about itself, and some further argue that stylistic differences among the five poems suggest they may not all come from a single hand, even though composed close together in time and shared subject. The book's disciplined acrostic form has itself drawn scholarly attention as a possible act of controlled mourning, imposing order through poetic craft precisely where the events described defied any ordinary sense of order at all.