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The Ram in Late Antique Poetry

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The Ram in Late Antique Poetry

Article one notes that later antiquity sometimes linked Crius's name to the constellation of the Ram, and one specific, datable source for that reception can be named directly: the Dionysiaca of Nonnus of Panopolis, an enormous Greek epic composed in Egypt probably in the fifth century CE, which draws on a vast and often obscure store of earlier mythological and astrological lore, including references that connect the elder Titan Krios to the zodiacal Ram, Aries, reflecting a late antique habit of finding celestial correspondences for even the most minor figures of the old Titan generation as astrology grew increasingly systematic in the Greco-Roman world. Nonnus wrote many centuries after Hesiod, in a literary culture saturated with astrological thinking that the Archaic period which produced the Theogony did not share, so the Aries association is best read as a late, learned embellishment layered onto Crius rather than any belief held by the god's earliest worshippers, if he had worshippers of his own at all.

The name Krios itself invites a comparable caution to that raised elsewhere about Rhea: it looks, on the surface, exactly like the ordinary Greek word for a ram, but some modern linguists studying the pre-Greek substrate visible in several other Titan names hesitate to accept the obvious pun as the name's true origin, since a number of Hesiod's first generation Titans carry names resistant to clean Greek etymology and possibly inherited from an earlier, non-Greek population of the Aegean. Whether Crius was named for the ram from the start, or only came to sound like the word for one by coincidence later exploited by astrologically minded poets such as Nonnus, remains, like so much about this least storied of the Titans, genuinely unresolved.

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