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The Ten Virtues of the Soul

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The Ten Virtues of the Soul

Das Lakshana Parva, the "festival of ten characteristics", is the Digambara Jains' form of the great monsoon observance, corresponding to the Svetambaras' Paryushana and following immediately after it, kept over ten days in the month of Bhadrapada (August-September). Where the Svetambara festival lasts eight days, the Digambara runs ten, one for each of the ten cardinal virtues (dashalakshana dharma) of the soul, which are contemplated in turn: supreme forbearance, modesty, straightforwardness, purity/contentment, truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity, renunciation, non-attachment, and celibacy/chastity.

The days are given to fasting, worship, scriptural study and self-reflection, with the Tattvartha Sutra, the concise Digambara statement of Jain doctrine, often read; temples hold special worship, and many lay Jains undertake demanding fasts. The festival, like Paryushana, ends in a rite of forgiveness (Kshamavani), on which Jains ask pardon of all beings for any harm caused, with the same formula of Micchami Dukkadam. The two traditions thus keep, back to back, closely related festivals expressing the same core commitments, non-violence, austerity and the purification of the soul, differing chiefly in the number of days and in the Digambara focus on the enumerated ten virtues as the framework for the season's reflection.

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