Haiti's Catholic Church and, more recently, growing evangelical Protestant movements have both historically campaigned against Vodou, most severely during the 1940s anti-superstition campaigns backed by the Catholic Church that destroyed Vodou temples and ritual objects, and more recently through evangelical rhetoric characterizing Vodou practice as demonic, rhetoric some observers link to periodic mob violence against suspected Vodou practitioners, particularly during public health crises such as cholera outbreaks when accusations of sorcery have occasionally triggered lynchings in rural areas. President Jean-Bertrand Aristide's 2003 decree formally recognizing Vodou as a legitimate religion, allowing Vodou priests to perform legally recognized marriages and other civil functions on comparable footing with Christian clergy, marked a significant symbolic reversal of centuries of official disparagement, though implementation and social acceptance have remained uneven, and international media coverage following Haiti's 2010 earthquake, including remarks by an American evangelical broadcaster attributing the disaster to a supposed pact with the devil referencing the Bois Caiman ceremony, illustrated how deeply contested Vodou's place in both domestic and international perception remains.