Before and During Prayer

Chabad teaching, developed at length in Shneur Zalman's foundational work Tanya and elaborated across generations of subsequent Chabad leadership, has the practitioner engage in hitbonenut both as a deliberate preparation undertaken before formal prayer, settling and orienting the mind toward the concept to be contemplated before entering the liturgy proper, and as an ongoing discipline sustained through the prayer service itself, since Chabad holds that prayer recited without accompanying contemplative engagement, however correct its words, falls considerably short of what prayer is meant to achieve within the movement's spiritual framework. The specific concepts a practitioner is directed to contemplate are drawn from Chabad's own body of kabbalistically informed philosophical teaching, addressing themes such as the nature of divine unity, the relationship between the infinite and the finite creation, and the soul's own true nature and origin, material that requires real prior study to engage meaningfully, which is part of why hitbonenut within Chabad is generally presented as a discipline built on top of sustained textual study rather than as a technique that can be picked up in isolation from the wider Chabad intellectual and educational system within which it is taught.