This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
Lance Storm, Patrizio Tressoldi and Lorenzo Di Risio's meta-analysis of free response parapsychology studies works by gathering many separate experiments testing a similar claim and analyzing them together statistically, a method that can reveal a small but consistent effect no single study was large enough to establish on its own, or can instead reveal that an apparent pattern across studies is better explained by publication bias, the tendency for a striking positive result to get published while a null result does not.
That meta-analytic method is now the standard way parapsychological claims are actually evaluated by the field itself, rather than any single dramatic experiment settling a question on its own, and a study entry that records only one investigation's result without noting whether later meta-analysis supported or undercut it is recording only part of a much longer, ongoing scientific conversation.
A study entry therefore tries to place a given investigation within that longer conversation, noting whether its result has been replicated, folded into a later meta-analysis, or specifically challenged on methodological grounds, since how a single study's result held up under later scrutiny is itself part of its documented history and often the most scientifically informative part.