The Encyclopaedia Judaica records that Humanistic Judaism's rewritten liturgy has drawn questions from two opposite directions since the movement's founding. Traditional and Orthodox critics have questioned whether a liturgy stripped of address to God can still meaningfully be called Jewish prayer at all, since the blessing formula the movement rewrites is, in more conventional Jewish practice, understood as constitutive of the act of prayer rather than as replaceable wording around a separable core message. A different question comes from secular critics who ask the opposite thing, why retain religious form at all, the festivals, the Hebrew, the structure of life cycle rites, once the theology that historically explained that form has been removed. Judaism Beyond God answers this second question directly: culture and ritual, on Wine's account, carry meaning that does not depend on the theistic claims that originally accompanied them, so retaining Hebrew, festival timing and communal ceremony continues Jewish peoplehood even after its theological grounding has been set aside, a position the movement holds as its own settled answer rather than as an unresolved tension it is still working through.