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Paleo-Hebrew Letters on Coins and on Stone

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Paleo-Hebrew Letters on Coins and on Stone

The letters the Samaritan script continues had a public life outside the manuscript tradition, and some of the best evidence for them is not on parchment at all. Paleo-Hebrew forms are cut into stone in Israelite inscriptions of the Iron Age, they are written on ostraca, the potsherds used for notes and receipts, and they were struck on coinage.

The coinage is the striking case, because it comes long after the script had been superseded for ordinary use. Jewish coins of the Hasmonean period, and again of the revolts against Rome, carry legends in Paleo-Hebrew letters at a time when everyday Hebrew and Aramaic were being written in the square script. The old letters were chosen deliberately, for what they signified rather than for convenience. Something similar appears in the Dead Sea Scrolls, where a scroll otherwise written in the square script can write the divine name in Paleo-Hebrew characters, marking it out from the text around it.

That gives the Samaritan script an unusual double status. The same letterforms that one community was using archaically, as a deliberate reach backwards, another community was using as its ordinary writing and has gone on using ever since. Excavation on Mount Gerizim has produced inscriptions in these letters from the sanctuary there, which anchors the script in the same landscape where the community still lives and closes some of the distance between the epigraphy and the living hand.

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