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The Brothers of Jesus, and the Growth of Devotion

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The Brothers of Jesus, and the Growth of Devotion

Joseph stands at the centre of an old question: the Gospels refer to brothers and sisters of Jesus, and how these are understood depends on how Joseph is understood. Churches that hold the perpetual virginity of Mary, the Catholic and Orthodox traditions, explain the brothers as cousins or, in an Eastern tradition drawn from the apocryphal Protevangelium of James, as Joseph's children by an earlier marriage, making him an older widower when betrothed to Mary. Many Protestants take the more straightforward reading that they were later children of Joseph and Mary. The texts alone do not settle it, and the answer follows from prior doctrine.

Devotion to Joseph developed comparatively late but became substantial, especially in the Western church. He is honoured as the patron of workers, his feast as Saint Joseph the Worker set on the first of May, of fathers and families, of a happy or holy death (from the tradition that he died in the presence of Jesus and Mary), and, since the nineteenth century, as patron of the universal Church.

Islam takes a different view entirely: the Qur'an affirms the virgin birth but assigns Joseph no role, for Isa (Jesus) is born of Maryam alone by the direct creative word of God, and Joseph does not appear.

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