In the middle 1560s, thirty years after the invasion and in the middle of a demographic collapse, a teaching spread through the Huamanga highlands. It held that the huacas of the Andes, the local powers of springs, rocks, mountains and ancestors, were not dead and had not been beaten by the Christian God. They had left their old material bodies, which the Spanish had smashed, and were entering the bodies of living Andeans instead. Those possessed would shake and dance, which gave the movement its name, the dancing sickness. The huacas were said to have joined in a single alliance and to be preparing a war in which the Spanish would be destroyed and the sea would rise and cover them. What was required of Andeans was refusal: stop entering churches, stop taking Christian names, stop eating Spanish food and wearing Spanish cloth, and feed the huacas again.
Juan Chocne is the preacher named at the centre of it, associated with two women who took the names Santa María and Santa María Magdalena, a detail that shows how thoroughly Christian material had already entered Andean religious language even in a movement dedicated to expelling it. The movement was broken within a decade. The name is Quechua and describes what the possessed were seen to do rather than anything the movement called itself, which is worth noticing, because it means the label now used for the whole episode came from the people investigating it.