Kashi Vishwanath has been destroyed and rebuilt often enough that the current temple is not even the most recent structure people mean when they say its name loosely.
One of twelve
The temple enshrines a jyotirlinga, one of twelve sites across India where Shiva is traditionally held to have manifested as a column of light, a category that places Kashi Vishwanath within a specific, ranked network of pilgrimage sites rather than as a freestanding local shrine.
Rebuilt by a queen, gilded by a king
After repeated earlier destructions, including one attributed to Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1669, the temple standing today was constructed in 1780 under the patronage of Ahilyabai Holkar, the Maratha queen of Indore, who rebuilt it at a location adjacent to, rather than exactly on, the site of the demolished structure. The temple's distinctive gold-plated domes were added decades later, funded by Ranjit Singh, the Sikh ruler of Punjab, who donated a substantial quantity of gold for the purpose.
A neighbour it cannot ignore
The Gyanvapi Mosque stands immediately adjacent to the temple, built in part from material associated with the earlier destroyed temple structure, a physical proximity that underlies the ongoing legal disputes over the site covered separately in this entry's companion article, disputes this article on the temple's own building history does not attempt to resolve.