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The Covenant, the Noahide Laws, and the Prophet Nuh

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The Covenant, the Noahide Laws, and the Prophet Nuh

In Jewish tradition Noah's importance extends beyond the flood to the covenant God makes with him and, through him, with all humanity, the first of the biblical covenants and one held to bind not only Israel but every people. From it the rabbis derived the seven Noahide laws (Sheva Mitzvot B'nei Noach), a minimal universal moral code, prohibiting idolatry, blasphemy, murder, theft, sexual immorality and cruelty to animals, and requiring courts of justice, regarded as incumbent on all descendants of Noah, that is, on all humankind. In this framework a non-Jew who keeps these laws is counted among the righteous, and Judaism does not seek to make such a person a Jew.

Christianity received Noah as a type: the ark that carries the faithful through the waters became an image of the church and of baptism, and Jesus compares the suddenness of the flood to the coming of the end.

Islam counts Nuh among the greatest prophets, one of those called the resolute of purpose. The Qur'an dwells on his long and thankless preaching to an unheeding people and on the flood as divine judgment, and it adds a poignant detail absent from Genesis: a son of Noah who refuses the ark, trusting a mountain to save him, and is drowned among the rejectors, a warning that kinship to a prophet saves no one who turns away.

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