Shinto ceremony often combines norito recitation with gagaku, the instrumental court music also used in shrine ritual, but the two occupy different roles and are documented here as distinct entries for that reason. Gagaku is instrumental and orchestral, developed through Japan's imperial court from at least the Heian period onward, and associated more broadly with ceremony, procession and the wider ritual atmosphere of a rite rather than with direct address to a deity. Norito is vocal and textual, a direct address to the kami whose content and correct delivery are treated as consequential to the prayer's efficacy rather than as accompanying color.
A shrine festival may include gagaku performance around a ceremony while the norito itself is recited by the kannushi in a separate, focused moment within the rite, the two sounds serving complementary but distinguishable liturgical functions rather than being variations on a single musical genre. Distinguishing them matters for the atlas because grouping all Shinto ceremonial sound under a single entry would obscure that one is addressed speech and the other is not, a distinction Shinto liturgical practice itself maintains carefully.