Peru remains majority Catholic, around 75 to 80 percent per most estimates including Pew Research's Religious Composition of the World, 2010-2020, though Protestant, especially evangelical and Pentecostal, communities have grown to roughly 15 percent and religiously unaffiliated Peruvians form a smaller but growing share.
The Inca Empire, centered on Cusco and at its height the largest state in the pre-Columbian Americas, practiced a state religion centered on Inti, the sun god, and Viracocha, a creator deity, with the emperor regarded as a divine descendant of the sun, and Inca religious architecture, including Cusco's Coricancha sun temple and the mountaintop ceremonial site of Machu Picchu, remains among the most visited archaeological and spiritual heritage sites in the world.
Spanish conquest under Francisco Pizarro from 1532 brought forced Christianization alongside catastrophic population loss from disease and colonial violence, and Peru's colonial Catholic Church built extensively on and sometimes physically atop existing Inca sacred sites, including Cusco's Santo Domingo Church constructed directly over the Coricancha's foundations, a pattern of religious superimposition repeated across the former Inca heartland. Andean indigenous religious practice, including reverence for Pachamama, the earth mother, and mountain spirit deities called apus, persists widely today in syncretic coexistence with Catholic practice.