It is tempting to file this beside the Shroud of Turin, where the 1988 radiocarbon result produced two settled camps arguing about sampling, repair and reweaving, with a literature on each side that a reader can go and read. The Sudarium is not that. There are no camps, because there is no second position to hold. There is one measurement, published with its own author's warning attached, and after it a silence.
The atlas marks that difference deliberately. A disputed claim is one where scholars have taken opposing views of the same evidence and defended them. An unknown is a place where somebody began the work, reached no conclusion, and stopped, and where nothing since has filled the gap. Recording the second as though it were the first would flatter the state of knowledge, because it would imply an argument that has not happened.
What would close it is not mysterious. A repeat assay on material cleaned by a published decontamination protocol, run blind across more than one laboratory, with the exact sampling location on the cloth recorded, and separately a characterisation of the absorbed contaminants to establish how large a shift they could produce. The obstacle is access rather than method: the cloth is held by a custodian who controls sampling, and the last assay is the reason a further one is delicate to ask for.
The atlas therefore carries an open question against this study rather than a conclusion, naming what would settle it and which discipline would have to do the settling.