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A Pit, Not an Abyss

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A Pit, Not an Abyss

Hexagram 29 is the doubled water trigram, and its name, Kan, is one of the places where the received English translation has drifted a long way from the underlying word.

Wilhelm gives The Abysmal, which in English suggests depth, dread and something close to the sublime. The character more plainly means a pit or a hole in the ground, something dug, or fallen into, of the kind a person or an animal could be trapped in. Legge is closer to that. Later translators working from the Bronze Age material generally render it as pit, and read the hexagram as being about literal traps and holes before it is about anything metaphysical.

The line texts support the flatter reading. They speak of falling into a pit within a pit, of a pit not being filled, of being bound with cords and placed among thorns, and of not obtaining anything for three years. This is the vocabulary of capture and imprisonment, not of the void.

That does not make the deeper reading illegitimate. The Ten Wings and the whole subsequent tradition built the hexagram into a teaching about danger met with sincerity, and Wilhelm's rendering carries that beautifully. But it is a construction on top of a much more concrete original, and readers should know which they are quoting.

The doubled trigrams, hexagrams 1, 2, 29, 30, 51 and 52, are the six figures made of one trigram repeated, and they are given a special weight throughout the commentarial tradition for that reason. In each case the figure is taken to show its trigram's nature undiluted, which for water means danger with nothing to offset it.

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Source Divinity Atlas Long-Form Articles, First Edition
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Divinity Atlas Long-Form Articles, First Edition
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