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Two Recorders, Two Positions

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Two Recorders, Two Positions

Almost everything documented about hoodoo before the middle of the twentieth century comes from two people, and they occupied very different positions with respect to what they were recording.

Zora Neale Hurston was born in Florida, trained as an anthropologist at Barnard under Franz Boas, and did her fieldwork in Florida, Alabama and New Orleans in the late 1920s. She was returning to communities she came from, and she did not observe from outside: she went through initiation with several of the practitioners she worked with, and her account of what that involved is part of what she published. She was also constrained. Her collecting was funded by a white patron, Charlotte Osgood Mason, under an arrangement that gave Mason control over the material, and Hurston was working within an academic discipline whose standards were set by people who were not going to be initiated by anyone.

Harry Middleton Hyatt was a white Anglican clergyman from Illinois with no connection to the communities he recorded. Between 1936 and 1940 he travelled the South with a portable disc recorder, sought out practitioners and clients, paid them for their time, and captured interviews on a scale nobody has approached before or since. He published the result himself, in five volumes issued between 1970 and 1978, running to several thousand pages.

The two bodies of material are not versions of the same thing. They are two differently situated records, and reading either without the other is reading half the evidence.

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