This article records tradition as it has been passed down and reported. Its sources are not yet part of the atlas's verified catalogue.
Ulugh Beg directed the observatory's scholars personally rather than merely patronizing their work from a distance, an unusual degree of hands on royal involvement in observational astronomy for a ruler of his rank, and the astronomer Jamshid al-Kashi served as its first director under that direct oversight. That personal involvement shaped the observatory's whole working culture: Ulugh Beg was reportedly present for observations himself rather than simply funding scholars to work independently, a pattern that set Samarkand apart from courts where royal patrons rarely engaged with the technical work their money supported.
The observatory survives today only as a historical site near Samarkand, Uzbekistan, its three story sextant and surrounding structures excavated centuries after Ulugh Beg's own assassination in 1449 scattered its scholars and ended its active astronomical program. What remains on the ground is therefore ruins and archaeological reconstruction, while the Zij-i Sultani, the observatory's star catalogue, continues to be read and cited by historians of astronomy as its lasting scientific record.