Dating the Vedanga Jyotisha has produced two genuinely opposed scholarly positions rather than a settled consensus with minor disagreement at the edges. The text itself states that the winter solstice fell at the start of the lunar mansion Shravishtha and the summer solstice at the midpoint of Ashlesha. Some historians of astronomy, most influentially in calculations going back over a century, have taken those positions literally and used the slow precession of the equinoxes to calculate backward, arriving at dates in the fourteenth to twelfth centuries BCE for when such an alignment would actually have held.
Other scholars, reading the same verses as an idealized or schematic statement rather than a precise observational report, and weighing the text's language and its place in the broader sequence of Vedic literature, place its composition far later, closer to the fifth or fourth century BCE, treating the solstice claim as inherited convention rather than fresh observation. Both camps have defenders in the current literature, and this record states the disagreement rather than adopting either date as settled.
What is not contested is the text's functional importance. Whatever its true age, the Vedanga Jyotisha established the calendrical vocabulary, the yuga cycle, the use of nakshatras to mark solar and lunar position, that every later Jyotisha treatise, Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra among them, inherited and built astrological technique on top of.