This entry records that Vietnamese folk religion involves extensive prayer and offering practices addressed to ancestors, village guardian spirits, and a range of other deities and spirits, often practiced alongside and blended with Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism and, for many Vietnamese, Christianity, in a layered religious landscape scholars of Vietnamese religion describe as characteristically syncretic rather than organized around clearly separated, mutually exclusive religious identities, without presenting specific Vietnamese folk-religious prayers or invocations here.
Ancestor veneration in particular occupies a central place in Vietnamese religious and family life, with household altars maintained for deceased family members and specific ritual observances, including on death anniversaries and during Tet, the Lunar New Year, closely paralleling in general structure, though differing in specific language and custom, the ancestor veneration practices documented elsewhere in this atlas for Chinese folk religion and Confucian tradition. Village guardian spirit worship, centered on communal shrines called dinh in many Vietnamese villages, adds a further, more communal layer of prayer and ritual specific to Vietnamese practice beyond household ancestor veneration alone.