European wolf symbolism is overwhelmingly hostile, and the hostility is economic before it is mythological: wolves take livestock, and agricultural societies exterminate them. Britain's last wolf was killed by the eighteenth century, and bounty systems operated across Europe for centuries.
Norse. Fenrir, the wolf bound by the gods with a ribbon made of impossible things, breaks free at Ragnarok and kills Odin. Binding him costs Tyr his hand. Two further wolves, Skoll and Hati, pursue the sun and moon. Odin also keeps two wolves, Geri and Freki, so the tradition is not uniformly hostile, but the eschatological wolf dominates.
Rome. The great exception. The she-wolf who suckles the abandoned Romulus and Remus is the founding image of the city, and the Lupa was an emblem of Rome from at least the fourth century BCE. The Capitoline Wolf bronze is the famous depiction, though the dating of the statue is contested and the suckling twins are a Renaissance addition.
Christian Europe. The wolf is the standard predator on the flock in a religion that describes its people as sheep, which fixes the animal's role. The werewolf trials of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were real judicial proceedings with real executions.
North America. Among many Indigenous nations the wolf is a clan animal carrying specific obligations. In Ojibwe tradition Ma'iingan and Original Man walk the earth together naming the beings of the world, and are told that their fates will be linked: what happens to one will happen to the other. Ojibwe nations have cited this directly in litigation and testimony over wolf management in the Great Lakes region. It is a live legal and political matter, not a folk tale, and it should be attributed to the Ojibwe rather than absorbed into generic wolf-spirit writing.