Home›Denominations›All DenominationsBrowse ByAll DenominationsThe branches, schools and movements within religious traditions: the churches of Christianity, the schools of Buddhism and of Islamic jurisprudence, the movements of Judaism and Hinduism. Each entry records the parent tradition, what distinguishes the branch, and roughly when and why it formed or separated. Divisions are often as much about authority, practice and geography as about doctrine.FactsLearn MoreAll DenominationsSourcesComments (0)Reader Challenges (0)FactsOverviewWhat Defines This GroupingWell-attestedBranches, schools and movements within a parent tradition and grouped under it: churches and confessions, schools of law and of philosophy, ordination lineages and reform movements. What counts as a branch is a distinction the parent tradition makes, not one cross-religious rule. 1StatusStanding as a Comparative CategoryWell-attestedContested: denomination is a term of art from English-speaking Protestantism. It maps poorly onto a Hindu sampradaya, an Islamic madhhab, a Buddhist vehicle or a Taoist ordination lineage, none of which is a separate church. 2OriginsOrigin of the NameWell-attestedFrom Latin denominatio, a naming. The word entered religious use among English-speaking Protestants for bodies that recognise one another as legitimately named parts of one church; its export to other religions is an analogy. 2Learn MoreBranches within a tradition A denomination is a distinct branch, school or movement within a larger religious tradition: the churches and confessions of Christianity, the schools of Buddhism, the schools of law and theology in Islam, the movements of Judaism, and the sampradayas and movements of Hinduism. The category also holds the divisions of smaller and newer traditions. Each entry records the parent tradition, what distinguishes the branch in belief, practice or authority, and, where known, when and how it emerged: often through reform, schism, revival or the following of a particular teacher.Reading the Divisions Divisions within a religion arise for many reasons (disputes over doctrine, authority, ritual, or the interpretation of scripture, and sometimes ethnic, political or regional difference as much as theology), and the entries describe the grounds of each without taking a side in it. What one tradition calls a school, another calls a sect or a movement, and the terminology itself can carry judgement; the atlas uses neutral description. The denominations group under their parent religion, so a browser can move from a tradition to its internal branches (the denominations of Christianity, of Buddhism, of Islam), in a single step.All DenominationsFilter Results219 entriesFounded ByAllAlex Sanders (1)Ann Lee (1)Anton LaVey (1)Basava (1)Charles Fillmore (1)Charles Harrison Mason (1)Elijah Muhammad (1)Ellen G. White (1)En no Gyōja (1)Engenas Lekganyane (1)Ernest Holmes (1)George Fox (1)Gerald Gardner (1)Gorakhnath (1)Henry VIII (1)James Strang (1)Jinul (1)Malinda Cramer (1)Mary Baker Eddy (1)Masaharu Taniguchi (1)Maxine Sanders (1)Michael Aquino (1)Myrtle Fillmore (1)Nachman of Breslov (1)Nichiren (1)Niwano Nikkyo (1)Peter Waldo (1)Richard Allen (1)Shastriji Maharaj (1)Simon Kimbangu (1)Starhawk (1)Victor Henry Anderson (1)Wallace Fard Muhammad (1)Wang Chongyang (1)Zhang Daoling (1)Zhiyi (1)Zsuzsanna Budapest (1)Church FamilyAllAdventist (3)African Initiated Church (3)Anabaptist (3)Anglican (5)Baptist (6)Church of the East (1)Congregationalist (2)Eastern Catholic (2)Eastern Orthodox (11)Evangelical (3)Latter Day Saint (4)Lutheran (8)Methodist (9)Moravian (1)New Thought (3)Oriental Orthodox (5)Pentecostal (7)Quaker (1)Reformed (7)Restorationist (5)Roman Catholic (1)Unitarian Universalist (2)Origin EraAll800 BCE (1)250 BCE (1)200 BCE (1)100 BCE (1)30 (3)42 (1)49 (1)52 (1)100 (3)120 (1)142 (1)150 (1)295 (1)300 (1)320 (2)326 (1)364 (1)390 (1)400 (2)431 (1)500 (1)538 (1)600 (1)632 (2)651 (1)657 (1)680 (1)700 (3)740 (1)750 (2)755 (1)760 (1)765 (1)800 (2)805 (1)806 (1)864 (1)900 (2)988 (2)1000 (1)1050 (1)1073 (1)1094 (1)1100 (2)1167 (1)1191 (1)1200 (2)1219 (1)1224 (1)1227 (1)1253 (1)1290 (1)1294 (1)1300 (1)1409 (1)1457 (1)1486 (1)1517 (2)1525 (1)1527 (1)1534 (3)1536 (2)1550 (1)1560 (2)1571 (1)1596 (1)1609 (1)1620 (1)1647 (1)1652 (1)1686 (1)1693 (1)1699 (1)1734 (1)1738 (1)1740 (1)1744 (1)1747 (1)1760 (1)1770 (1)1775 (1)1787 (2)1789 (1)1793 (1)1796 (1)1800 (3)1801 (2)1802 (1)1809 (1)1810 (1)1820 (1)1825 (1)1844 (2)1845 (2)1847 (1)1848 (1)1850 (1)1857 (1)1860 (3)1863 (1)1865 (1)1866 (1)1868 (1)1870 (2)1872 (1)1876 (2)1880 (4)1881 (1)1887 (1)1889 (2)1890 (1)1895 (2)1897 (1)1898 (1)1900 (1)1901 (1)1907 (2)1908 (1)1913 (1)1914 (2)1920 (1)1921 (1)1922 (1)1924 (1)1925 (1)1926 (2)1930 (3)1934 (1)1938 (1)1940 (1)1941 (1)1945 (1)1946 (1)1947 (1)1952 (1)1957 (1)1961 (1)1962 (1)1963 (1)1964 (1)1965 (1)1966 (1)1967 (1)1968 (2)1971 (2)1973 (1)1974 (1)1975 (1)1979 (1)1983 (2)1985 (1)1988 (1)2004 (1)2013 (1)2022 (1)Establishment StatusAllDeclared Not Established (1)Disestablished (8)Established (6)No Establishment (61)Privileged Never Established (16)Varies by Province (14)Adherents BandAllhas no membership by definition (1)no ancient headcount survives (1)no count exists by the organization's own deliberate policy (1)no count isolating this lineage exists (1)no count isolating this tradition exists (3)no single combined figure exists (1)practitioners are by definition uncounted (1)Parent ReligionAllAtheism (1)Buddhism (23)Christianity (86)Gnosticism (3)Hinduism (12)Islam (14)Jainism (3)Judaism (12)Latter Day Saint Movement (4)Modern Satanism (4)New Thought (4)Palo Monte (1)Secular Humanism (3)Shinto (3)Sikhism (3)Taoism (4)Wicca (7)Zoroastrianism (2)Originated InAllAksum (1)Anatolia and Asia Minor (1)Arabia (3)Assam (1)Bengal (1)Britain (3)Byzantine Empire (1)California (6)China (4)Congo (1)Eastern Europe (2)Egypt (5)England (7)Ethiopia (2)Germany (3)Greece (1)Gujarat (1)India (5)Indian Subcontinent (3)Iraq (5)Japan (12)Karnataka (1)Kashmir (1)Kerala (1)Korea (3)Maharashtra (1)Mesopotamia (2)Mexico (1)New York (6)North America (1)Persia (2)Punjab (4)Rajasthan (2)Rome (2)Scotland (2)Sichuan (1)Southern Africa (1)The Caribbean (1)Tibet (8)United States (32)Yorubaland (1)Marriage PositionAllMarriage is held to be a lifelong, monogamous, indissoluble union; remarriage after divorce is not sanctioned while a spouse lives (3)Marriage is held to be monogamous, with remarriage after divorce sanctioned under specified conditions (14)Marriage may licitly be polygynous (3)No single uniform teaching on marriage's terms holds across the body (4)Liturgical LanguageAllAramaic (3)Ardhamagadhi Prakrit (2)Avestan (2)Church Slavonic (7)Classical Arabic (13)Classical Armenian (Grabar) (2)Classical Chinese (read in Sino-Japanese where used in Japan) (17)Classical Japanese (2)Classical Syriac (4)Classical Tibetan (8)Coptic (2)Early Modern German (the Luther Bible) (1)Geez (4)Georgian (1)Greek (liturgical) (5)Hebrew (10)Jain Shauraseni Prakrit (1)Kikongo-derived ritual language (habla congo) (1)Latin (1)Pali (1)Punjabi in Gurmukhi script (3)Sanskrit (19)The vernacular (117)Sexuality PositionAllSame-sex marriage is performed and LGBT clergy are ordained on equal terms with heterosexual clergy (21)Same-sex orientation or practice is held to bar full membership or participation (17)Same-sex sexual relationships are held contrary to teaching; LGBT individuals are welcomed as members but not ordained, and same-sex unions are not blessed (28)Same-sex unions may be blessed, but ordination is not extended to partnered LGBT clergy (2)The body holds no single settled position; the question is actively and openly contested within it (12)PolityAllA federation of autonomous member organisations (12)A head temple over affiliated branch temples (10)A living imam whose office passes by descent (1)A single central governing body over the whole movement (22)An imam or caliph elected by the community or its electors (3)Authority in a living teacher and their succession (7)Authority in living jurists whom the laity choose to emulate (1)Authority in monastic seats (mathas) and their heads (4)Authority in recognised reincarnate lineages (7)Authority in trained scholars, with no central office (7)Authority through a shaykh and an initiatic chain (2)Authority through monastic ordination lineage and its seats (15)Autonomous covens, authority conferred by initiation (5)Autonomous initiatory houses under an initiating elder (1)Autonomous local bodies under a national umbrella association (9)Business decided by the gathered meeting seeking unity, without clergy (3)Congregational: each congregation self-governing (18)Connexional: congregations bound in a conference with itinerant ministry (8)Delegated representation from congregations up to a general conference (10)Episcopal: governed by bishops (16)Lay boards or trusts govern, alongside the priesthood (4)No central authority (39)Presbyterian: governed by elders in graded courts (7)Priestly office passing by descent (8)Self-governing churches under patriarchs, deciding in synod (17)Synodal: governed by synods of clergy and lay delegates (6)Universal primacy of a single bishop (1)Practice StatusAllAccess restricted by its custodians or by law (1)Dissolved; the community wound itself up (5)Historical; not practised continuously (6)In active religious use (9)Living tradition, practised today (183)Revived or reconstructed in the modern era (2)Ordination PracticeAllA full female ordination lineage continues (1)An unpaid lay ministry rather than a professional clergy (6)Authority conferred by initiation rather than by ordination (18)Celibacy required of the ordained (10)Conferred by a teacher's certification of learning (2)Conferred by appointment from a higher authority (3)Conferred by election (1)Married clergy permitted (32)No ordination; authority rests on learning or on the whole body (20)No successor by deliberate choice (1)Non-celibate tantric practitioners alongside monastics (3)Office passes by descent (17)Open to women and men (60)Ordination is into a monastic order, not to a congregation (28)Restricted to men (52)Restricted to women (1)The full female ordination lineage is held lapsed; revival contested (5)Varies between provinces or member bodies (26)Parent DenominationAllAnabaptism (2)Anglican Communion (2)Baptist (5)Congregationalists (1)Eastern Orthodoxy (1)Evangelicalism (1)Gaudiya Vaishnavism (1)Haredi Judaism (1)Hasidic Judaism (2)Historically Black Protestant Tradition (7)Kagyu (1)Mahayana (3)Mainline Protestantism (7)Oriental Orthodoxy (1)Pentecostalism (2)Presbyterianism (1)Protestantism (17)Roman Catholicism (1)Shaivism (3)Shaktism (1)Sunni (1)Tibetan Buddhism (5)Vajrayana (2)Show ResultsBrowseCompareSelect all 100LingayatismHinduismLouisiana VoodooDenominationsLutheran Church, Missouri SynodChristianityLutheranismChristianityMadhyamakaBuddhismMahayanaBuddhismMainline ProtestantismChristianityMaronite ChurchChristianityMennonitesChristianityMethodismChristianityModern Orthodox JudaismJudaismMoravian ChurchChristianityNath SampradayaHinduismNation of IslamIslamNational Baptist Convention of AmericaChristianityNational Baptist Convention USA IncorporatedChristianityNational Evangelical Lutheran ChurchChristianityNew AtheismAtheismNew Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden DawnWiccaNichirenBuddhismNichiren ShoshuBuddhismNichiren ShuBuddhismNimbarka SampradayaHinduismNirmalaSikhismNizari IsmailismIslamNondenominational ChristianityChristianityNyingmaBuddhismOld BelieversChristianityOneida CommunityChristianityOneness PentecostalismChristianityOrder of Nine AnglesModern SatanismOriental OrthodoxyChristianityOrthodox JudaismJudaismPalo MayombePalo MonteParsi ZoroastrianismZoroastrianismPentecostalismChristianityPresbyterian Church (U.S.A.)ChristianityPresbyterianismChristianityProgressive National Baptist ConventionChristianityProtestantismChristianityPure LandBuddhismPushtimargHinduismQuakerism (Religious Society of Friends)ChristianityQuanzhen (Complete Reality)TaoismQuranismIslamReclaimingWiccaReconstructionist JudaismJudaismReform JudaismJudaismReligious Science (Centers for Spiritual Living)New ThoughtRinzaiBuddhismRissho Kosei KaiBuddhismRoman CatholicismChristianityRomanian Orthodox ChurchChristianityRussian Orthodox ChurchChristianitySaint John Coltrane African Orthodox ChurchChristianitySaint Thomas ChristiansChristianitySakyaBuddhismSalafismIslamSamkhyaHinduismSeax-WicaWiccaSect ShintoShintoSeicho-no-IeNew ThoughtSerbian Orthodox ChurchChristianitySethianismGnosticismSeventh-day AdventismChristianityShaivismHinduismShakersChristianityShaktismHinduismShangqing (Highest Clarity)TaoismShia (Twelver)IslamShingonBuddhismShri VidyaHinduismShrine ShintoShintoShugendoBuddhismSkoptsyChristianitySmartismHinduismSoka GakkaiBuddhismSotoBuddhismSouthern Baptist ConventionChristianitySri VaishnavismHinduismSufismIslamSunniIslamSvetambaraJainismSwaminarayan SampradayaHinduismTaego OrderBuddhismTemple of SetModern SatanismTendaiBuddhismTerapanthJainismThai Forest TraditionBuddhismThe Church of Jesus Christ (Strangite)Latter Day Saint MovementThe Episcopal ChurchChristianityThe Salvation ArmyChristianityThe Satanic TempleModern SatanismThe United Methodist ChurchChristianityTheravadaBuddhismTiantaiBuddhismTibetan BuddhismBuddhismUdasiSikhismUkrainian Greek Catholic ChurchChristianity← Previous123Next →Sources1. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religionstier 1John Bowker (ed.), Oxford University Press, 1997s.v. denominationView the Source2. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd revised editiontier 1F. L. Cross and E. A. Livingstone (eds.), Oxford University Press, 2005s.v. DenominationalismView the SourceDivinity Atlas Directory Prose, First Edition Category Descriptionstier 1Comments (0)No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.Sign in to join the discussion.Reader Challenges (0)No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.Sign in to dispute this or suggest a correction.