Deliverance, Line 4

The fourth line of Deliverance (King Wen 40) is drawn as yang, the numeral nine in the old divination manuals. James Legge's translation renders the line as deliverance from the great toe, upon which friends come, in whom he can trust. The image sits inside a hexagram whose judgment as a whole concerns advantage found in the southwest, and if no further operations are called for, good fortune in returning to the old conditions; where there is somewhere to go, early action brings good fortune, and this line supplies one stage of that larger reading rather than a complete statement on its own.

Structurally the line stands at the lowest place of the upper trigram Zhen, thunder in Legge's readings of the eight trigrams, while the lower trigram of the hexagram is Kan, water in the same traditional set of images. The Great Symbolism of the hexagram reads thunder and rain; the superior man forgives errors and deals leniently with crimes, and the fourth line takes its place inside that combined picture of Kan below and Zhen above.

Read on its own the line neither opens nor closes the hexagram's argument. It marks the point where Zhen is either forming (in the lower trigram) or completing itself (in the upper), and later interpreters treat its image, The Deliverance from the Great Toe, as the concrete case through which the hexagram's abstract judgment becomes visible in a single situation rather than a general principle.

As a divinatory line, nine at the fourth place of Deliverance reads within the hexagram's overall concern with advantage found in the southwest, and if no further operations are called for, good fortune in returning to the old conditions; where there is somewhere to go, early action brings good fortune. The line occupies a place that does not match its own nature in the classical doctrine that odd places favour a firm, yang line and even places favour a yielding, yin line. Its own text, that deliverance from the great toe, upon which friends come, in whom he can trust, is the particular fortune assigned to this one stage of the situation, not to the hexagram as a whole.

The fourth line corresponds by classical convention with the first line, and the two correspond here, since one line is yin and the other yang. Read together with the trigram it belongs to, Zhen in the upper position of the figure, the line marks the first word of the upper trigram, close enough to the ruling fifth line to be shaped by it, one stage in the six stage movement the hexagram traces from its first line to its last.

A change at this line, from yang to its opposite, is the mechanism the tradition uses to move from one hexagram to another. Flipping the fourth line of Deliverance turns Zhen into Kun while the other trigram, Kan, stays as it is, which yields Deliverance's changing partner, The Army (King Wen 7), the hexagram this line is recorded as transforming into.