Pushing Upward, Line 2

The second line of Pushing Upward (King Wen 46) is drawn as yang, the numeral nine in the old divination manuals. James Legge's translation renders the line as sincerity such that even the small sacrifice will be acceptable, no error. The image sits inside a hexagram whose judgment as a whole concerns great progress and success, seeking to meet the great man need cause no anxiety, advance to the south brings good fortune, and this line supplies one stage of that larger reading rather than a complete statement on its own.

Structurally the line stands at the middle place of the lower trigram Xun, wind in Legge's readings of the eight trigrams, while the upper trigram of the hexagram is Kun, earth in the same traditional set of images. The Great Symbolism of the hexagram reads wood in the midst of the earth, growing; the superior man pays careful attention to his virtue and accumulates its small increases until it is high and great, and the second line takes its place inside that combined picture of Xun below and Kun above.

Read on its own the line neither opens nor closes the hexagram's argument. It marks the point where Xun is either forming (in the lower trigram) or completing itself (in the upper), and later interpreters treat its image, The Sincerity Such That Even the Small Sacrifice, as the concrete case through which the hexagram's abstract judgment becomes visible in a single situation rather than a general principle.

As a divinatory line, nine at the second place of Pushing Upward reads within the hexagram's overall concern with great progress and success, seeking to meet the great man need cause no anxiety, advance to the south brings good fortune. The line occupies a place that does not match its own nature in the classical doctrine that odd places favour a firm, yang line and even places favour a yielding, yin line. It is also one of the two central lines of the hexagram, the place classical reading treats as the most balanced regardless of the line's own character. Its own text, that sincerity such that even the small sacrifice will be acceptable, no error, is the particular fortune assigned to this one stage of the situation, not to the hexagram as a whole.

The second line corresponds by classical convention with the fifth line, and the two correspond here, since one line is yin and the other yang. Read together with the trigram it belongs to, Xun in the lower position of the figure, the line marks the situation settling into its own character, still wholly inside the lower trigram, one stage in the six stage movement the hexagram traces from its first line to its last.

A change at this line, from yang to its opposite, is the mechanism the tradition uses to move from one hexagram to another. Flipping the second line of Pushing Upward turns Xun into Gen while the other trigram, Kun, stays as it is, which yields Pushing Upward's changing partner, Modesty (King Wen 15), the hexagram this line is recorded as transforming into.