Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Historical Figures

Wang Chongyang

Chinese Religious & Philosophical Figures

Citation Formats

General Reference

APA Style

BibTeX

Taoist master of the Jin dynasty who founded the Quanzhen, Complete Reality or Complete Perfection, school, which became and remains one of the two great branches of organized Taoism. His movement fused Taoist internal alchemy with Chan Buddhist meditation and Confucian ethics into a monastic path, teaching that the three teachings flow from one source.

Facts
Identity
Also Known AsSourced to the subject's own account
Wang Zhe (birth name); Chongyang, Double Yang, is his Taoist sobriquet 1
GenderSourced to the subject's own account
Male 1
Origins
Place of OriginSourced to the subject's own account
Near Xianyang, Shaanxi, China 1
Publications
Notable PublicationSourced to the subject's own account
The Fifteen Discourses (Chongyang Lijiao Shiwu Lun), the short foundational instruction text attributed to him 1
Attestation
HistoricitySourced to the subject's own account
Historically attested 1
Life
Lifespan or FloruitSourced to the subject's own account
1113 to 1170 1
In Other Languages (6 names)
  • Wang Zhe
  • 王重陽
  • 왕중양
  • Ван Чунъян
  • หวัง ฉงหยาง
  • Vương Trùng Dương
Learn More
The Madman of the Zhongnan Mountains

Wang Zhe was born in 1113 to a landowning family near Xianyang in Shaanxi, and grew up under a falling dynasty: the Jurchen Jin conquest of north China ended the Song order in which a gentleman's career made sense. He attempted both the literary and the military examinations, reached middle age with neither career nor purpose, and by his own later account drank and raged through his forties, calling himself Harmful Wind the Madman. In 1159, in a wineshop at Ganhe, he met two strangers he later identified with the immortals Zhongli Quan and Lu Dongbin, who transmitted secret instructions to him; the school he founded treats the meeting as its origin point.

What followed was one of the strangest apprenticeships in religious history. Wang abandoned his family, dug a pit grave in the Zhongnan foothills, roofed it, named it the Tomb of the Living Dead, and meditated in it for over two years, then filled it in, built a hut, and after several more years burned the hut down and left for Shandong, dancing, by the accounts, as it burned. In Shandong between 1167 and his death he gathered the disciples later counted as the Seven Perfected, including Qiu Chuji and the woman master Sun Bu'er, organized lay congregations, and founded the movement he called Quanzhen, Complete Reality. He died in 1170, leaving a school barely three years old that would within a century administer much of the religious life of north China.

Three Teachings in One

Quanzhen teaching as Wang framed it rests on a deliberate synthesis. He held that Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism flow from one source, and he set his followers to recite the Daodejing, the Buddhist Heart Sutra and the Confucian Classic of Filial Piety together, a curriculum that scandalized purists of all three schools and defined the movement's character. The path itself turned inward: where earlier Taoist movements had pursued laboratory elixirs, Quanzhen taught neidan, internal alchemy, the refinement of the practitioner's own essence, breath and spirit into the elixir, joined to Chan style meditation, strict celibate monasticism and an ethic of quietist self discipline. Wang's surviving instructions, notably the short Fifteen Discourses attributed to him, read as a manual of renunciation: leave the family, still the mind, harmonize the five phases within, and complete reality in this body.

The synthesis proved durable. Under his disciple Qiu Chuji, received by Genghis Khan in Central Asia in 1222, Quanzhen won imperial patronage and spread across the north, and its Longmen branch, headquartered at the White Cloud Monastery in Beijing, remains with the Zhengyi school one of the two great divisions of organized Taoism today. The atlas records Wang as one of the clearest cases in Chinese religion of a single eccentric founder whose personal synthesis became an enduring institution.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

This source names Wang Chongyang directly: "depicting in sequence the life of Wang Chongyang, the founder of the Quanzhen school: his birth, his self cultivation according to Daoist doctrine, his attainment of enlightenment, and his training..."

Disciple of Wang Chongyang, the founder of the Quanzhen school, beginning 1167.

Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)
Source The Encyclopedia of TaoismFabrizio Pregadio (ed.)

Belongs to Tradition

Taoism, Religions

Succeeded By

One of the Seven Perfected, the direct disciples of Wang Chongyang who carried Quanzhen Daoism forward after his death; Qiu Chuji became the tradition's most consequential leader under Mongol patronage.

Source Daoism HandbookLivia Kohn (ed.)

Traditions Founded

Founded the Quanzhen school in Shandong between 1167 and his death in 1170, teaching the unity of the three teachings and a monastic path of internal alchemy.

Source Wang Chongyang (reference article)Wikipedia contributors
Sources
Comments (0)
No comments yet. Be the first to share a thought.
Reader Challenges (0 open reader challenges)
No disputes yet. Spotted an error or a better source? Open the first one.

View At A Past Year

The atlas records no dated fact of its own for this entry, so there is no other year to choose.