Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
I Ching Hexagrams

The Gentle

SHWEN
Also Known As Gentle
Xun

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Origin 1000 BCE to 350 BCE

King Wen hexagram 57, The Gentle or The Penetrating (Xun), is Wind doubled over Wind: wind following upon wind, an image of a mild but ceaseless influence that penetrates everywhere by persistence rather than force. It describes gentle penetration, the power of the small and yielding to shape and move things when it works continuously and in one direction. Its Judgment says the gentle brings success through what is small, that it furthers one to have somewhere to go, and that it furthers one to see the great person: gentle influence needs a clear aim and worthy guidance. Its Image counsels the superior person to spread their commands abroad and carry out their undertakings, as the wind carries far. As a reading it advises working through mild, patient, repeated, and subtle means toward a well-defined goal, teaching that steady gentleness can accomplish what sudden force cannot.

Facts
Origins
Origin Period
1000 BCE to 350 BCE 1Tradition: Zhou Yi, the Western Zhou divination core
Origin Period
1924 to 1950 2Tradition: Wilhelm-Baynes I Ching (1950)
Origin Period
400 BCE to 100 BCE 3Tradition: Zhou Yi and the Ten Wings
Origin Period
This hexagram's dating spans three distinct historical layers: the divinatory judgment text of the Zhouyi core, composed in the early Western Zhou around 1000 BCE and recovered in the Mawangdui silk manuscripts; the Ten Wings commentary tradition that gave the hexagrams their later philosophical reading, compiled across the Warring States and Han periods by around 400 BCE; and the English title used here, coined in Richard Wilhelm's 1924 German translation and carried into English by Cary Baynes. 2
Attributed Author / Compiler
By tradition: the hexagram statements to King Wen of Zhou, the line statements to the Duke of Zhou, and the Ten Wings to Confucius. 3Tradition: Zhou Yi and the Ten Wings
Attributed Author / Compiler
No named author. The core is a Western Zhou compilation with no compiler on record, and the ascription of the Ten Wings to Confucius was already being questioned inside the Chinese tradition by the eleventh century and is defended by no current scholarship. 3
Language
Classical Chinese 4
Identity
King Wen Number
57 1
Native Name
Xun 1
Attributions
Trigram Pairing
Wind over Wind 1
Order
Position in the Sequence
37 2Tradition: Xiantian (Earlier Heaven) arrangement of Shao Yong
Position in the Sequence
57 2Tradition: King Wen sequence, the received order
Learn More
The Trigrams and the Name

The fifty-seventh hexagram, Xun ("The Gentle" or the Penetrating), is one of the eight doubled hexagrams, formed of the trigram Xun (Wind, also Wood) above and below. Wind following upon wind, penetrating everywhere by persistence, gives the image of a mild but ceaseless influence. It stands fifty-seventh in the King Wen sequence.

Xun holds a further position in the xiantian, or Earlier Heaven, arrangement, the binary ordering devised by Shao Yong in the eleventh century and traditionally ascribed to Fu Xi: 37th of 64, apart from its fifty-seventh place in the King Wen sequence above, and distinct again from the trigram Xun's own place in the eight-trigram form of the same xiantian circle. This was the Fu Xi ordering that the Jesuit Joachim Bouvet sent from Beijing in 1701 to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who recognized its broken and unbroken lines as his own binary 0 and 1.

Read from the bottom, the six lines of The Gentle run yin, yang, yang, yin, yang, yang. A later interpretive layer absent from the original Zhou Yi, the nuclear hexagram (hu gua), treats lines two through four as a lower trigram and lines three through five as an upper one; here they combine as Li over Dui, forming hexagram 38, Opposition (Kui), a hidden figure first associated with the Han-dynasty scholar Jing Fang, whose Yijing commentary of the first century BCE is credited with the earliest appearance of nuclear trigrams. The Gentle's King Wen partner is hexagram 58, The Joyous (Dui); most of the sixty-four pair this way, related by turning the whole figure upside down, while the eight hexagrams built from a single doubled trigram pair instead by inverting every line. Mawangdui (1973) orders hexagrams by trigram, not King Wen; names here follow Wilhelm and Baynes, 1950, not Legge, 1882.

The Judgment, the Image, and the Changing Lines

The Judgment, in paraphrase, allows success in small matters, favors having somewhere to go and favors seeking a great person, for gentle influence, repeated and unremitting like the wind, accomplishes what force cannot. The Image speaks of the superior person who spreads his commands abroad and carries out his undertakings, working by steady, penetrating persuasion. The core theme is gentle, penetrating influence that works gradually and from within. Moving lines transform into their opposites, generating a second hexagram that shades the reading.

Zhu Xi's twelfth-century Zhouyi Benyi, the Song Neo-Confucian synthesis most later readers encountered this doubled Xun through, treated the Judgment above first as a divination formula and only secondarily as moral instruction, a corrective to Cheng Yi's more purely philosophical Yichuan Yizhuan. The Mawangdui silk manuscript, recovered from a sealed Han tomb in 1973 and dated before 168 BCE, preserves closely related material in a wholly different sequence, organized by paired trigrams rather than the King Wen order, evidence that the hexagram texts still circulated in more than one arrangement this late. In the King Wen sequence, The Gentle (Xun), hexagram 57, is paired with its inversion: The Joyous (Dui), hexagram 58. Translations of the Judgment above vary by tradition: Richard Wilhelm's 1924 German rendering, carried into English by Cary Baynes for the 1950 Bollingen edition, gives the text a mystical, aphoristic cast, while James Legge's earlier and more literal 1882 translation for the Sacred Books of the East reads the same lines closer to a historical record.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Corresponds To

Channel of Perfected Form bridges Hexagram 10, Treading, and Hexagram 57, The Gentle, per its own iching-correspondence fact; this edge names the 57 side.

Source The Human Design SystemRa Uru Hu (Alan Robert Krakower)

Channel of Power bridges Hexagram 34, Great Power, and Hexagram 57, The Gentle, per its own iching-correspondence fact; this edge names the 57 side.

Source The Human Design SystemRa Uru Hu (Alan Robert Krakower)

Channel of The Brainwave bridges Hexagram 20, Contemplation, and Hexagram 57, The Gentle, per its own iching-correspondence fact; this edge names the 57 side.

Source The Human Design SystemRa Uru Hu (Alan Robert Krakower)

Gene Key 57, From Unease to Clarity, corresponds to Hexagram 57, The Gentle, per its own iching-correspondence fact.

Human Design Gate 57, Intuitive Clarity, corresponds to Hexagram 57, The Gentle, per its own iching-correspondence fact.

Source The Human Design SystemRa Uru Hu (Alan Robert Krakower)

Disciplines That Use This

I Ching, Disciplines

The sixty four hexagrams of the Zhou Yi.

Source Zhouyi: The Book of ChangesRichard Rutt (trans.)

Originates in Language

Source Zhouyi: The Book of ChangesRichard Rutt (trans.)

Reached by Changing Lines

Sources
1. I Ching: The Classic of Changes, translated with an introduction and commentary, the first English translation of the newly discovered second-century BC Mawangdui texts
Edward L. Shaughnessy (trans.), Ballantine Books, 1996On the dating and composition of the Zhou Yi core
2. Fathoming the Cosmos and Ordering the World: The Yijing (I Ching, or Classic of Changes) and Its Evolution in China
Richard J. Smith, University of Virginia Press, 2008On Shao Yong's xiantian ordering of the sixty-four hexagramsView the Source
3. The Five "Confucian" Classics
Michael Nylan, Yale University Press, 2001On the authorship question and the critique of the traditional ascriptionsView the Source
4. Zhouyi: The Book of Changes
Richard Rutt (trans.), Curzon Press, 1996On the name and early sense of hexagram 57View the Source
The I Ching, or Book of Changes
Richard Wilhelm (trans.); Cary F. Baynes (English trans.), Princeton University Press, 1980Hexagram 57, the Judgement and the ImageView the Source

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