Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Myths & Sacred Narratives

Dine Bahane, the Navajo Emergence

Emergence Myths

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The Dine narrative tradition holding that the people passed through a series of worlds beneath this one, most commonly four, each ended by conflict or flood, before emerging into the present Glittering World through a reed growing up through a hole in the sky of the world below. First Man and First Woman take form in this account, which continues into the origin of Changing Woman and the Hero Twins. Specific ceremonial tellings belong to particular practitioners and clans and are not reproduced here.

Facts
Sources
Primary Source
Washington Matthews recorded an early written version of the origin narrative in Navaho Legends (1897); Paul Zolbrod's 1984 Dine bahane': The Navajo Creation Story, developed from recordings and consultation with Navajo collaborators, was presented as a rendering of the oral performance itself in English rather than a summary of its plot. 2
Text
Source Text
Ceremonial oral tradition, discussed in Navajo Sacred Places (Kelley and Francis 1994) 2
Controversy
Point in Dispute
Accounts vary on the exact number of worlds passed through before emergence into this one, most commonly given as four, though some tellings count differently, consistent with a living oral tradition maintained across many communities rather than a single fixed text. 1
Meaning
Central Motif
Emergence upward through a sequence of prior worlds 1
Cultural Restriction
Restricted Tradition
Specific ceremonial tellings of the Dine Bahane belong to particular Navajo practitioners and clans. The atlas records the narrative's public shape and does not reproduce those closed ceremonial tellings. 2
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Four Worlds Below

Dine tradition holds that the people who exist in this world today passed through a series of earlier, lower worlds before arriving at the present one. Most tellings count four such worlds beneath this one, often described in terms of color, ranging from a dark, insect-like first world through successive worlds of increasing light and complexity, each populated by beings whose conduct and conflicts eventually make that world unable to sustain them, forcing an escape upward into the next. Recurring causes for leaving a lower world include quarrels among the beings living there, moral failures, and floods that rise to force an ascent, themes comparative scholars have connected to the wider emergence-narrative pattern documented across many Indigenous traditions of the North American Southwest, while Dine accounts retain their own distinct sequence, figures, and vocabulary throughout.

First Man and First Woman are described as taking shape in the course of this passage between worlds, formed from ears of corn brought up through the successive worlds along with other sacred items, and their presence and conduct in each world shapes what the people carry forward into the next, including both the knowledge and the conflicts that will need to be resolved in the world still to come.

Emergence Into the Glittering World

The passage into the present world, most often called the Glittering World, comes as the people flee a great flood in the world below by climbing upward, in many tellings through the inside of a great reed or cane that grows tall enough to reach a small hole in the sky of the world beneath this one. Emerging through that opening, the people find a still-unfinished world of mountains, mesas, and open land, one that First Man, First Woman, and other holy figures continue to shape and place in order, fixing the Four Sacred Mountains at the cardinal points that bound the Dine traditional homeland, Dinetah, and setting the sun, moon, and stars in their courses.

The emergence account continues into further narrative cycles central to Dine religious life, including the origin of Changing Woman, Asdzaa Nadleehe, whose own story and the Kinaalda ceremony celebrating a girl's coming of age are among the most important elements of ongoing Dine ceremonial practice, and the birth of the Hero Twins, who travel to their father the Sun to obtain weapons and then use them to rid the new world of a series of monsters threatening the people. Because these narratives are carried forward through specific ceremonial complexes, including the Blessingway, performed under the authority of particular medicine people and clans rather than freely recounted, this entry follows the published scholarly literature on Dine cosmology and philosophy in describing the emergence account's shape and themes, rather than reproducing fuller ceremonial tellings themselves.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Associated With

The account continues into the origin of Changing Woman.

Source Navajo Sacred PlacesKlara Bonsack Kelley and Harris Francis
First Man, Deities

First Man takes form in this emergence account.

Source Navajo Sacred PlacesKlara Bonsack Kelley and Harris Francis
First Woman, Deities

First Woman takes form in this emergence account.

Source Navajo Sacred PlacesKlara Bonsack Kelley and Harris Francis

The Dine Bahane, the emergence through the lower worlds into the Glittering World, is the Dine account of origins.

The account continues into the origin of the Hero Twins.

Source Navajo Sacred PlacesKlara Bonsack Kelley and Harris Francis

Belongs to Tradition

Originated In

North America, Regions
Source Navajo Sacred PlacesKlara Bonsack Kelley and Harris Francis

Related To

Sources
1. Holy Wind in Navajo Philosophy
James Kale McNeley, University of Arizona Press, 1981
2. Navajo Sacred Places
Klara Bonsack Kelley and Harris Francis, Indiana University Press, 1994View the Source
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