Adrian Goldsworthy's scholarly history of the Punic Wars, and the ancient accounts of Polybius and Livy it draws on, record casualty figures for individual battles, roughly 15,000 Roman dead at Trebia, 15,000 at Lake Trasimene, and a toll near 50,000 at Cannae, alongside modern demographic reconstructions of the Roman citizen census, which fell from 273,000 in 225 BC toward roughly half that within the war's first decade. None of these totals a single figure for combat and civilian deaths on both sides across the full seventeen year war, and no comprehensive scholarly count was located.
What would resolve this A scholarly synthesis totaling documented losses across the war's Italian, Spanish, Sicilian and African theaters, or a demographic study using the Roman citizen census figures to derive a total including allied Italian troops, Carthaginian forces and civilians, comparable to the census based methods used for other wars this atlas records. No such synthesis was located across the standard modern histories of the conflict.
OpenRoman republican military and demographic history.Adrian Goldsworthy, The Fall of Carthage: The Punic Wars 265-146 BC