Divinity Atlas

Sacred Correspondences
Quranic Readings

Ishaq an Khalaf

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The second transmitter of Khalaf's own reading, alongside Idris's line, both based at Baghdad. The same Khalaf also transmitted Hamza al-Kufi's reading among the seven, making him one of the few figures who appears twice in the register in two distinct roles.

Facts
Status
Canonical Status
Mutawatir Ten 1
Recitation
Takbir Between the Closing Suras
Not Part of the Reading 1
Transmission
Reading Centre
Baghdad 1
Reach
Where It Is Recited Today
Taught and Studied 1
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Ishaq, the Second Transmitter of Khalaf's Own Reading

Ishaq al-Warraq transmitted the independent reading of Khalaf ibn Hisham, recorded here with Baghdad as its reading centre, and stands beside Idris's transmission as the second of the two riwayat through which Khalaf's own reading, distinct from his separate role transmitting Hamza al-Kufi's seven canon reading, survives.

As with Idris's line, the surviving technical record for this transmission is sparser than for the seven canonical readings, consistent with its later recognition; what is attested is that the reading is taught and studied as a living transmission rather than surviving only in citation, and that the takbir plays no part in it.

Khalaf's own reading entered the canonical ten only with Ibn al-Jazari's fifteenth century al-Nashr, five centuries after Ibn Mujahid had fixed the original seven, and its inclusion rests on the same three tests Ibn al-Jazari applied throughout: a sound and unbroken chain of transmitters, conformity to at least one of the Uthmanic codices, and conformity to Arabic grammar. That Khalaf appears twice in the transmitted qira'at record, once as Hamza's transmitter and once as an independent reader carried by Idris and Ishaq, is one of the clearer illustrations of how the register of readings grew: a name trusted enough to carry someone else's reading forward could also, on its own separate authority, become the source of a reading in its own right.

Cross-Tradition Connections

Belongs to Tradition

Islam, Religions

Transmission Of

Sources
1. Al-Nashr fi al-Qira'at al-Ashr (The Publication on the Ten Readings)
Ibn al-Jazari (Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Jazari)View the Source
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